馬克龍呼吁在全歐范圍制定大數(shù)據(jù)戰(zhàn)略

Emmanuel Macron has called for a Europe-wide strategy on big data during his visit to Beijing, saying it is a priority for France this year.

埃馬紐埃爾•馬克龍(Emmanuel Macron)在訪問(wèn)北京期間呼吁制定一項(xiàng)全歐范圍的大數(shù)據(jù)戰(zhàn)略，稱這是法國(guó)今年的優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)。

European big data companies needed the size of the European market to compete with China and the US while ensuring the personal data protections lacking in the Chinese market, the French president said after a forum on artificial intelligence.

法國(guó)總統(tǒng)在出席一場(chǎng)人工智能論壇后表示，歐洲大數(shù)據(jù)公司需要整個(gè)歐洲市場(chǎng)的規(guī)模來(lái)與中美兩國(guó)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，同時(shí)要確保對(duì)個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)的保護(hù)，而這一點(diǎn)正是中國(guó)市場(chǎng)缺乏的。

During the three-day visit Mr Macron paid tribute to Chinese imperial institutions and plans for a new “silk road” of commerce across Eurasia. But he insisted that market access should be a two-way street, as possible for European companies in China as for Chinese companies in the EU.

在為期三天的訪問(wèn)中，馬克龍稱贊了中國(guó)打造一條橫貫歐亞大陸的商業(yè)新“絲綢之路”的宏偉計(jì)劃。但他堅(jiān)信，市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入應(yīng)該是雙向的，對(duì)在華歐洲企業(yè)和在歐中國(guó)企業(yè)應(yīng)一視同仁。

The French president also said he had secured a package of new orders for Airbus jetliners, and a pledge from Beijing to maintain its policy of balancing orders from Airbus and competitor Boeing. But Mr Macron said a deal for an industrial partnership in return for Chinese orders for Airbus’s A380 was still in negotiations.

法國(guó)總統(tǒng)還表示，他為空客(Airbus)客機(jī)拿到了一系列新訂單，且得到了北京在給予空客與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手波音(Boeing)訂單方面保持平衡政策的承諾。但馬克龍表示，與中國(guó)建立產(chǎn)業(yè)合作伙伴關(guān)系——作為對(duì)中國(guó)訂購(gòu)空客A380客機(jī)的回報(bào)——的協(xié)議仍在談判中。

Big data describes the huge volumes of data generated by traditional business activities and social media — ranging from terminals registering retail sales to Facebook posts and YouTube videos.

大數(shù)據(jù)即傳統(tǒng)商業(yè)活動(dòng)和社交媒體(從零售終端到Facebook上的帖子和YouTube上的視頻)產(chǎn)生的海量數(shù)據(jù)。

To compete in big data, AI and other technologies, Mr Macron called for a European market including protections of individuals’ legal rights and a definition of what were legitimate commercial rights. “To advance sufficiently and be competitive with the American and Chinese players, we need a true, integrated market,” he said.

為了在大數(shù)據(jù)、人工智能等技術(shù)領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，馬克龍呼吁打造一個(gè)歐洲市場(chǎng)，包括對(duì)個(gè)人合法權(quán)利的保護(hù)以及對(duì)合法商業(yè)權(quán)利的界定。他說(shuō)：“要充分發(fā)展且能夠與美國(guó)和中國(guó)的企業(yè)一較高下，我們需要一個(gè)真正的一體化市場(chǎng)。”

In contrast with the US’s “libertarian” philosophy towards the sector, Chinese companies face a political constraint but otherwise enjoy relatively free development in the use of big data, Mr Macron noted. “Europe needs to define its model.”

馬克龍指出，與美國(guó)對(duì)這一行業(yè)所持的“自由論”哲學(xué)相比，中國(guó)企業(yè)雖然面臨政治束縛，但它們?cè)诶么髷?shù)據(jù)方面享有相對(duì)自由的發(fā)展。“歐洲需要界定自己的模式。”

China is investing heavily in AI and big data in an attempt to catch up to Silicon Valley and lead the next wave of technological development. But practices such as using people’s online shopping habits to assess their credit rating or blacklists to prevent debt defaulters from travelling have raised concerns about new violations of citizens’ privacy, in addition to censorship and monitoring of personal communications.

中國(guó)正在大舉投資人工智能和大數(shù)據(jù)，力圖趕上硅谷并引領(lǐng)下一波科技發(fā)展浪潮。但是，除了審查和監(jiān)控個(gè)人通信之外，利用人們的網(wǎng)購(gòu)習(xí)慣評(píng)估他們的信用等級(jí)或者利用黑名單阻止拖欠債務(wù)者出行等做法，引發(fā)了對(duì)于新的侵犯公民隱私行為的擔(dān)憂。

“China has a domestic market and they attach great importance to it. They see that they can use it to energise new companies that are comparable to the Americans, because both countries have markets with real depth and that opens the possibility of collecting masses of data and accelerating its use,” Mr Macron said. But he defended French expertise in developing new technologies as well as scientific analysis. “France is not in the Middle Ages.”

“中國(guó)有國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)，他們非常重視。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)可以利用這一市場(chǎng)促進(jìn)那些能夠與美國(guó)企業(yè)匹敵的新公司的發(fā)展，因?yàn)閮蓢?guó)都有真正的縱深市場(chǎng)，使得收集大量數(shù)據(jù)并加速利用成為可能。”馬克龍說(shuō)。但他為法國(guó)在研發(fā)新技術(shù)和科學(xué)分析方面的專長(zhǎng)進(jìn)行了辯護(hù)。“法國(guó)并不處于中世紀(jì)。”

Mr Macron is pushing for the EU to develop consistent regulations on foreign investment and strategic industries, after a wave of Chinese investment in recent years.

在經(jīng)歷近年來(lái)自中國(guó)的投資熱潮后，馬克龍正在推動(dòng)歐盟制定針對(duì)外國(guó)投資和戰(zhàn)略行業(yè)的統(tǒng)一規(guī)定。

“If we want to be a real economic power and negotiate with China and the US we need our own strategy,” he said, adding that China was making inroads particularly with its strategy towards eastern Europe. “If we aren’t unified, that’s not China’s fault but our own.”

“如果我們希望成為真正強(qiáng)大的經(jīng)濟(jì)體，能夠與中國(guó)和美國(guó)談判，我們就需要自己的戰(zhàn)略，”他表示，并補(bǔ)充稱，中國(guó)的戰(zhàn)略正在東歐取得尤其大的成果。“如果我們不聯(lián)合起來(lái)，那不是中國(guó)的錯(cuò)，是我們自己的錯(cuò)。”