朝韓應(yīng)抓住冬奧會(huì)契機(jī)努力改善關(guān)系

As athletes and fans gather in the South Korean city of Pyeongchang for the Winter Olympics, the words of Pierre du Coubertin, the father of the modern Olympic Games, have a particular resonance that goes far beyond the sporting arena: “L’important, c’est du participer,” — “It’s the taking part that counts.”

在運(yùn)動(dòng)員和體育愛(ài)好者齊聚韓國(guó)平昌參加和觀看冬奧會(huì)(Winter Olympics)之際，“現(xiàn)代奧運(yùn)之父”皮埃爾•顧拜旦(Pierre de Coubertin)的那句名言——“重在參與”——引起了特別的共鳴，包括在競(jìng)技場(chǎng)以外的地方。

North and South Korean athletes will march together in the opening ceremony under a neutral banner called the Korean Peninsula Flag and a joint women’s ice hockey team will compete in the games. This symbolic gesture of reconciliation and joint teamwork is powerful in itself, but it also offers a unique chance for meaningful progress behind the scenes to help resolve the nuclear tensions on the Korean peninsula.

在開(kāi)幕式上，朝鮮和韓國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)員將在中立的“朝鮮半島旗”下共同入場(chǎng)，朝韓聯(lián)合組建的女子冰球隊(duì)將參加比賽。這種和解與團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)作的象征性姿態(tài)本身是很有力量的，也為幕后取得真正意義上的進(jìn)展提供了獨(dú)特的機(jī)會(huì)，將幫助化解朝鮮半島核緊張局勢(shì)。

North Korea’s decision to send Kim Jong Un’s sister, Kim Yo Jong, to the opening ceremony, together with Kim Yong-nam, the chair of the Supreme People’s Assembly, is encouraging for hopes of diplomatic engagement and rapprochement.

朝鮮決定派出金正恩(Kim Jong Un)的妹妹金與正(Kim Yo Jong)以及朝鮮最高人民會(huì)議(Supreme People’s Assembly)常任委員會(huì)委員長(zhǎng)金永南(Kim Yong Nam)參加冬奧會(huì)開(kāi)幕式，這使人們不由得期待兩國(guó)能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)外交接觸與和解。

The need could not be more acute. For the past quarter of a century, the focus of the international community’s efforts has been on preventing North Korea becoming a nuclear-armed state. But it may now be the case that the north has entered the final stage of completing the ICBM technology that can reach and hit the continental US loaded with a miniaturised nuclear warhead.

這種需求不能更迫切了。過(guò)去25年來(lái)，國(guó)際社會(huì)一直尋求阻止朝鮮成為一個(gè)核武國(guó)家，但現(xiàn)在朝鮮可能已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了發(fā)展完備的洲際彈道導(dǎo)彈技術(shù)的最后階段，這種導(dǎo)彈搭載小型化核彈頭將可以抵達(dá)并打擊美國(guó)本土。

The objective is unchanged; achieving complete, verifiable, irreversible dismantlement of North Korean nuclear weapons and programmes. But the immediate challenge is to achieve that objective in a way that avoids conflict and further nuclear proliferation in the region and beyond. There is also a longer-term need for a new, regional security framework in North-East Asia to replace the fragile, temporary peacekeeping arrangements that have existed since the end of the Korean war.

目標(biāo)沒(méi)有變化：以完全、可核查和不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的方式結(jié)束朝鮮的核武器及計(jì)劃。但眼下的挑戰(zhàn)在于實(shí)現(xiàn)這些目標(biāo)的同時(shí)如何避免沖突和該地區(qū)以及其他地區(qū)進(jìn)一步的核擴(kuò)散。此外，較長(zhǎng)期來(lái)看，東北亞地區(qū)需要制定新的地區(qū)安全框架，替代自朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束以來(lái)脆弱、暫時(shí)的維持和平安排。

Diplomats and security experts worldwide warn that the risk of a devastating war is unprecedented. Last month, the Doomsday Clock was reset at two minutes to midnight — the closest to midnight it has been in 65 years.

全球外交人士和安全專(zhuān)家警告稱(chēng)，爆發(fā)毀滅性戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是空前的。上月，末日時(shí)鐘(Doomsday Clock)被調(diào)整為距離子夜兩分鐘，是65年來(lái)距離子夜最近的時(shí)刻。

We know from experience how critical it is to recognise — and then seize — unexpected moments to try and change a dangerous trajectory of events. The Olympic detente could be such a moment. We welcome the gesture of bilateral North-South talks that Kim Jong Un offered in his annual New Year’s Day address. While the three rounds of talks held so far have mainly focused on the modalities of the North’s participation in the Winter Olympics, further talks on security-related confidence-building measures have also been agreed.

經(jīng)驗(yàn)告訴我們，認(rèn)識(shí)并抓住意外出現(xiàn)的時(shí)機(jī)、努力改變危險(xiǎn)的局勢(shì)發(fā)展軌道是多么重要。冬奧會(huì)上朝韓關(guān)系緩和可能就是這樣一個(gè)時(shí)刻。我們歡迎金正恩在一年一度的新年講話(huà)中表現(xiàn)出的愿意進(jìn)行韓朝雙邊對(duì)話(huà)的姿態(tài)。盡管迄今三輪韓朝會(huì)談主要圍繞朝鮮以什么方式參加本屆冬奧會(huì)，但兩國(guó)也同意就與安全相關(guān)的增強(qiáng)信任措施舉行進(jìn)一步會(huì)談。

All parties must use this Olympic moment to nurture a positive atmosphere that enables a genuine dialogue to continue, including bilateral military talks. We must make sure that after the Paralympics end, in March, the goodwill does not disappear as fast as the winter snow melts.

所有各方必須利用這種奧運(yùn)時(shí)刻營(yíng)造積極氣氛，讓雙方能夠繼續(xù)進(jìn)行包括雙邊軍事談判在內(nèi)的真正對(duì)話(huà)。我們必須確保，在今年3月殘奧會(huì)結(jié)束后，善意不會(huì)像冬雪融化一樣迅速消失。

In this regard, North Korea’s military parade on the eve of the opening ceremony of the Games was provocative, harming the positive mood. At this critical time, all concerned must avoid inflammatory rhetoric and military activities. Patient diplomacy and sustained engagement can yield results, as we have seen with the Iran nuclear agreement, negotiated between Tehran and the P5+1 countries, including, of course, the US.

就這點(diǎn)來(lái)說(shuō)，朝鮮在奧運(yùn)會(huì)開(kāi)幕式前舉行閱兵是挑釁性的，傷害了積極的情緒。在這個(gè)關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻，相關(guān)各方都要避免煽動(dòng)性言論和軍事活動(dòng)。耐心的外交努力和持續(xù)的接觸可以產(chǎn)生成果，正如我們?cè)谝晾屎藚f(xié)議中看到的那樣——德黑蘭與“P5+1”(聯(lián)合國(guó)安理會(huì)五個(gè)常任理事國(guó)加上德國(guó)，其中當(dāng)然包括美國(guó))談判達(dá)成了協(xié)議。

We continue to believe that the Iran deal is the best way to prevent nuclear proliferation in the Middle East, and that it can serve as an inspiration for developing a comparable diplomatic process to resolve the current tensions on the Korean peninsula.

我們?nèi)匀幌嘈牛晾蕝f(xié)議是防止中東地區(qū)核擴(kuò)散的最好辦法，而且它可以啟發(fā)我們開(kāi)展一種類(lèi)似的外交進(jìn)程來(lái)解決當(dāng)前的朝鮮半島緊張局勢(shì)。

A permanent peace treaty requiring North Korea to fully comply with UN Security Council Resolution 2397: to “immediately abandon all nuclear weapons and existing nuclear programs in a complete, verifiable and irreversible manner”, beginning with unfettered access of the International Atomic Energy Agency to the nuclear facilities, would be the ideal outcome.

簽署一份要求朝鮮完全遵守聯(lián)合國(guó)安理會(huì)第2397號(hào)決議的永久和平條約將是理想的結(jié)果——根據(jù)決議，“朝鮮應(yīng)立即以完全、可核查和不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的方式放棄所有核武器和現(xiàn)有核計(jì)劃”，首先應(yīng)允許國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)(International Atomic Energy Agency)不受限制地進(jìn)入核設(shè)施。

The path to such an accord will be long and arduous, requiring stamina and discipline from all sides. Let us hope that leaders on both sides of the 38th parallel, as well as the international community, will follow the example of their Olympic athletes in striving for the greatest prize of all: a lasting, not temporary, peace on the Korean peninsula.

達(dá)成這樣一份協(xié)議將是漫長(zhǎng)而艱巨的，需要各方有耐力、守紀(jì)律。讓我們希望“三八線(xiàn)”兩邊的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人以及國(guó)際社會(huì)都會(huì)以他們的奧運(yùn)會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員為榜樣去爭(zhēng)取最大的獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)，即朝鮮半島持久、而不是暫時(shí)的和平。

The writer was UN Secretary-General from 2007-2016 and is now a member of The Elders. This article was written in consultation with Kofi Annan, winner of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize and chair of The Elders.

本文作者在2007年至2016年間擔(dān)任聯(lián)合國(guó)秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)，現(xiàn)在是元老會(huì)(The Elders)成員。本文寫(xiě)作征詢(xún)過(guò)2001年諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)得主、元老會(huì)主席科菲•安南(Kofi Annan)的看法