中國計劃增加遠洋漁船隊捕撈量

China plans to increase the catch from its far-sea fishing fleet as it clamps down on fishing in its own heavily depleted waters, in a move likely to heighten maritime tension with other coastal nations.

中國計劃增加本國遠洋漁船隊的捕撈量，同時在魚類資源嚴重耗竭的本國水域實行禁漁期制度，此舉可能加劇中國與其他沿海國家之間的海上緊張。

The state-subsidised long-distance fleet is targeting an increase in its annual catch from 2m tonnes in 2016 to 2.3m tonnes in 2020, according to the agricultural ministry. Some 90m tonnes of wild fish were caught globally in 2016, according to the UN.

根據(jù)中國農業(yè)部的數(shù)據(jù)，國家補貼的中國遠洋漁船隊的年度捕撈目標將從2016年的200萬噸增至2020年的230萬噸。據(jù)聯(lián)合國統(tǒng)計，2016年全球約有9000萬噸野生魚類被捕撈。

China’s far-ocean fleet increased its catch by nearly 50 per cent over the five years to 2016, according to China’s agricultural ministry. The haul — often sold to Chinese fish processors that export to Europe and the US — has fuelled international concerns over dwindling fish stocks and illegal fishing in territorial waters.

根據(jù)中國農業(yè)部的數(shù)據(jù)，中國遠洋漁船隊的捕撈量已在截至2016年的五年里增加近50%。這些漁獲往往被出售給出口到歐洲和美國的中國魚類加工商，引發(fā)國際社會對魚類存量減少和在別國領海非法捕魚的擔憂。

Chinese fishermen have been involved in clashes with coastguards of countries as far away as Argentina, Ecuador and Guinea. China’s fuel subsidies for its fishing fleet were a key topic of debate at a December World Trade Organization ministerial meeting in Buenos Aires but Beijing did not agree to end the payments.

迄今中國漁民已經與多個遙遠國家的海警發(fā)生沖突，包括阿根廷、厄瓜多爾和幾內亞。去年12月，在布宜諾斯艾利斯舉行的世界貿易組織(WTO)部長級會議上，中國對本國漁船隊的燃料補貼是一個關鍵的辯論議題，但北京方面并未同意停止這些支付。

China said ahead of the meeting that it would cap its number of far-ocean fishing vessels at 2,000 by 2020 — an increase of roughly 100 from the current level. However, that quota does not prevent Chinese fishing companies from using bigger boats.

中國在會前表示，到2020年它將對遠洋漁船數(shù)量實行2000艘的上限——比目前水平增加約100艘。但是，這一額度并不阻止中國漁業(yè)公司使用更大的漁船。

Two 77-metre distant-water squid-fishing boats were completed in the eastern province of Fujian last month, following the December launch in southern Guangdong province of two 51m vessels set to fish off the coast of Mauritania.

兩艘77米長的遠洋魷魚捕撈船上月在福建省完工，此前兩艘51米長、將在毛里塔尼亞沿海進行捕撈作業(yè)的漁船12月在廣東省下水。

Local governments have ambitious plans for new launches, with Fujian planning to add 150 ships by 2020. Companies are building fish-processing facilities in Africa under the banner of Beijing’s Belt and Road Initiative.

地方政府有雄心勃勃的新船建造計劃，其中福建省計劃到2020年新增150艘船舶。企業(yè)正在北京方面“一帶一路倡議”(Belt and Road Initiative)的大旗下在非洲建設魚類加工設施。

“China’s local governments are still ambitious to stimulate the industry’s expansion, and reform of fishing subsidies is not yet on the agenda,” said Bolei Liu, a fisheries analyst at Greenpeace.

“中國的地方政府仍在雄心勃勃地希望刺激遠洋漁業(yè)擴張，漁業(yè)補貼的改革尚未提上日程，”綠色和平組織(Greenpeace)漁業(yè)分析師Bolei Liu表示。

“China’s far-ocean fishing industry urgently needs to apply the brakes, to prevent it from becoming an issue that damages China’s international image,” he added.

“中國的遠洋漁業(yè)急需剎車，以免它變成一個損害中國國際形象的問題，”他補充說。

The expansion comes as coastal areas around China pay fishermen to scrap small near-sea boats after fish stocks plummeted. China’s agricultural ministry in 2016 conceded that there were practically “no fish” left in the East China Sea.

推動遠洋漁業(yè)擴張之際，隨著本國沿海的魚類資源存量大幅減少，中國沿海地區(qū)紛紛補貼漁民報廢小型近海漁船。中國農業(yè)部在2016年承認，東海實際上“沒有魚”了。

Separately, Beijing on Monday announced its first ever seasonal ban on fishing in the Yellow river — the country’s second-longest waterway -— which will last three months and follows similar moratoriums on the Yangtze and Pearl rivers as the country seeks to restore stocks decimated by pollution and overfishing.

此外，北京周一宣布首次在黃河(中國第二長的水道)實行季節(jié)性的禁漁期，為期三個月，此前長江和珠江已實行類似的禁漁期。這些措施的目的是試圖恢復受到污染和過度捕撈重創(chuàng)的魚類資源。