蘋(píng)果推出新應(yīng)用 專治手機(jī)上癮

現(xiàn)代人沉迷于智能手機(jī)，甚至被智能手機(jī)綁架了生活，還有小孩寧愿智能手機(jī)從未被發(fā)明。這是智能手機(jī)的錯(cuò)嗎?蘋(píng)果公司表示，我們不背這個(gè)鍋!為了表明立場(chǎng)，蘋(píng)果將在今年秋季推出一系列新應(yīng)用，幫助人們監(jiān)控并限制使用手機(jī)的時(shí)間。

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Apple has unveiled digital wellbeing tools to help people reduce the time they spend glued to their screens.

蘋(píng)果公司推出了一款數(shù)字健康工具，以幫助人們減少沉迷于手機(jī)的時(shí)間。

A new app called Screen Time will offer iPhone and iPad users a dashboard highlighting how much time they have spent using which apps, how many notifications they receive, how often they pick up their device and how their usage patterns compare to the average.

這款名為“屏幕時(shí)間”的新應(yīng)用面向的是蘋(píng)果手機(jī)和蘋(píng)果平板電腦的用戶，將會(huì)用數(shù)字儀表板的形式顯示出用戶使用哪一款應(yīng)用消耗了多少時(shí)間，用戶收到了多少個(gè)通知，以及他們拿起手機(jī)的頻率，還有他們的使用模式和平均水平的對(duì)比。

The app also lets users set daily time limits for individual apps, and a notification will be shown when the time limit is about to expire. Parents will be able to access their children’s activity reports from their own devices to understand and manage their browsing habits.

這款應(yīng)用還讓用戶設(shè)置單個(gè)應(yīng)用的每日使用時(shí)間上限，時(shí)間快到時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)出通知。父母將能夠在自己的手機(jī)上訪問(wèn)孩子的活動(dòng)報(bào)告，了解和管理孩子的瀏覽習(xí)慣。

“Some apps send us flurries of notifications trying to draw us in for fear of missing out,” said Apple’s senior vice-president of Software Engineering, Craig Federighi, speaking to a 6,000-strong audience at WWDC, Apple’s annual developer conference, at the McEnery Convention Center in San Jose on Monday. “For some of us it’s become such a habit we don’t even recognise just how distracted we’ve become.”

蘋(píng)果公司軟件工程高級(jí)副總裁克雷格·費(fèi)德里吉在全球開(kāi)發(fā)者大會(huì)上對(duì)6000名聽(tīng)眾說(shuō)道：“一些應(yīng)用因?yàn)楹ε掠脩翦e(cuò)過(guò)內(nèi)容，不停地發(fā)送通知來(lái)吸引我們。對(duì)一些人來(lái)說(shuō)，看手機(jī)已經(jīng)成為一種習(xí)慣，我們甚至都意識(shí)不到自己分神的嚴(yán)重程度。”蘋(píng)果一年一度的全球開(kāi)發(fā)者大會(huì)本周一在圣何塞麥克恩利會(huì)議中心舉行。

Screen Time will be available with iOS 12, the latest version of Apple’s mobile operating system, which launches later this year.

“屏幕時(shí)間”應(yīng)用將會(huì)出現(xiàn)在蘋(píng)果新一代手機(jī)操作系統(tǒng)iOS 12上，該操作系統(tǒng)將于今年晚些時(shí)候發(fā)布。

Other digital wellbeing features to launch with iOS 12 include enhancements to the “do not disturb” feature, including a bedtime mode that dims the display and hides all notifications from the lock screen until prompted in the morning.

隨iOS 12一同發(fā)布的其他數(shù)字健康軟件還有免打擾功能的升級(jí)版，包括可以調(diào)暗屏幕并隱藏鎖屏上的所有通知直到用戶晨起查看的睡眠模式。

The new operating system will also let users control how notifications are delivered to reduce interruptions, including the ability to group together notifications or turn them off completely. Apple’s virtual assistant Siri will also make suggestions for notification settings based on which alerts people act upon.

新的操作系統(tǒng)還能讓用戶控制通知發(fā)送方式以減少打擾，包括給通知分組或完全關(guān)閉通知。蘋(píng)果的虛擬助手Siri將基于用戶看到通知后的反應(yīng)提出關(guān)于通知設(shè)置的建議。

The focus on digital wellbeing comes at a time when technology companies including Facebook, Twitter, Google and Apple are being scrutinised for their use of habit-forming design practices that encourage people to spend more time on their devices, such as infinite scrolling, notifications and other behavioural “nudges”.

發(fā)布這些數(shù)字健康軟件的當(dāng)口，正值臉譜網(wǎng)、推特、谷歌和蘋(píng)果等技術(shù)公司因?yàn)樽層脩羯习a的設(shè)計(jì)手法而接受審查。這些設(shè)計(jì)鼓勵(lì)人們花更多時(shí)間使用手機(jī)，比如不停翻閱滾動(dòng)頁(yè)面、沒(méi)完沒(méi)了的通知以及其他促使用戶看手機(jī)的小伎倆。

Apple’s tools are very similar to those announced by Google last month at its own annual developer conference, Google I/O. The latest version of Google’s mobile operating system, Android P, also comes with an “app dashboard” which allows users to set time limits on individual apps as well as a wind-down mode before bedtime that stops notifications and turns the screen to greyscale.

蘋(píng)果的這些新軟件和谷歌上個(gè)月在自己的年度開(kāi)發(fā)者大會(huì)——谷歌I/O大會(huì)上宣布的新功能非常相似。谷歌最新版的手機(jī)操作系統(tǒng)安卓P也帶有讓用戶設(shè)置單個(gè)應(yīng)用使用時(shí)間限制的“儀表板應(yīng)用”，以及在睡覺(jué)前停止發(fā)送通知和將屏幕調(diào)成灰色的淡出模式。

The company also doubled down on its commitment to privacy with the introduction of tools to prevent advertisers from tracking users of Apple devices from being tracked online.

蘋(píng)果公司還加倍重視保護(hù)用戶隱私，引進(jìn)一系列工具，以防止廣告商在線跟蹤蘋(píng)果手機(jī)的用戶。

In a direct swipe at Facebook, Federighi explained how “like buttons and share buttons” and comment features can “be used to track you whether you click on them or not”.

費(fèi)德里吉給了臉譜網(wǎng)當(dāng)頭一棒，解釋了“點(diǎn)贊按鈕和分享按鈕”以及評(píng)論功能是如何“被用來(lái)跟蹤你的，無(wú)論你是否點(diǎn)擊了這些按鈕”。

“This year we’re shutting that down,” he said, adding that people can interact with these features if they choose to, but they won’t be tracked by default on an Apple computer if they use the native Safari browser on the next version of its desktop operating system, macOS Mojave.

他說(shuō)：“今年我們要終止這種跟蹤，”并補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，人們可以選擇用這些功能進(jìn)行互動(dòng)，但不會(huì)在蘋(píng)果電腦新版桌面操作系統(tǒng)macOS Mojave默認(rèn)自帶的Safari 瀏覽器上被跟蹤。

The company is also clamping down on a technique called “fingerprinting” which allows advertisers to identify and track individual web users based on the unique way their computer is set up, including the device, operating system and fonts they are using.

蘋(píng)果還將打擊一種名為“指紋識(shí)別”的技術(shù)，這種技術(shù)允許廣告商基于每臺(tái)電腦的獨(dú)特設(shè)置，包括裝置、操作系統(tǒng)和字體，來(lái)識(shí)別和跟蹤個(gè)人網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶。

“Put simply, there are two big classes of tracking: cookies and fingerprinting,” said Dr Lukasz Olejnik, independent security and privacy researcher and consultant. “It appears that Apple has set a goal to go after all techniques that may be used in third-party tracking. It’s an arms race and I believe Apple may be winning.”

獨(dú)立安全隱私研究員和顧問(wèn)盧卡什·奧勒杰尼克博士說(shuō)：“簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說(shuō)，跟蹤技術(shù)主要有兩種：cookie文件和指紋識(shí)別。看起來(lái)蘋(píng)果公司已經(jīng)確立了目標(biāo)，要干掉所有可能被用于第三方跟蹤的技術(shù)。這是一場(chǎng)‘軍備’競(jìng)賽，我認(rèn)為蘋(píng)果可能會(huì)贏。”