衛(wèi)星圖像顯示朝鮮正拆除導(dǎo)彈試驗(yàn)臺(tái)

SEOUL, South Korea — Satellite imagery indicates that North Korea is razing some facilities used for testing one of its most dangerous missiles after its leader, Kim Jong-un, announced a moratorium on nuclear and long-range missile tests, according to an analysis released this week.

韓國(guó)首爾——據(jù)本周發(fā)布的分析報(bào)告稱(chēng)，在朝鮮領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人金正恩宣布暫停核試驗(yàn)和遠(yuǎn)程導(dǎo)彈試驗(yàn)后，衛(wèi)星圖像顯示，朝鮮正在拆除一些用于測(cè)試該國(guó)最危險(xiǎn)導(dǎo)彈之一的設(shè)施。

A “key missile test stand” that was used for testing missile ejections from canisters was demolished at a test site near Kusong in North Korea’s northwest, Joseph S. Bermudez Jr., an expert on the country’s weapons systems, said in a report published Wednesday on the website 38 North.

朝鮮武器系統(tǒng)專(zhuān)家小約瑟夫·貝穆德斯(Joseph S. Bermudez Jr)在北緯38度網(wǎng)站(38 North)周三發(fā)布的報(bào)告中說(shuō)，朝鮮西北部龜城附近某試驗(yàn)場(chǎng)內(nèi)用于從發(fā)射筒試射導(dǎo)彈的“關(guān)鍵導(dǎo)彈試驗(yàn)臺(tái)”被拆除。

The Kusong test site was being closely monitored by missile experts because North Korea launched its first solid-fuel midrange ballistic missile, known as Pukguksong-2, from there in February last year.

自朝鮮去年2月發(fā)射了首枚固體燃料中程彈道導(dǎo)彈“北極星-2型”(Pukguksong-2)后，導(dǎo)彈專(zhuān)家便開(kāi)始對(duì)龜城試驗(yàn)場(chǎng)進(jìn)行密切監(jiān)視。

Besides its intercontinental ballistic missiles, solid-fuel missiles have been among the most worrisome additions to North Korea’s growing arsenal of ballistic missiles. They can be launched faster and are easier to transport and hide, making them more suitable for surprise attacks.

除洲際彈道導(dǎo)彈外，在朝鮮彈道導(dǎo)彈庫(kù)的增長(zhǎng)中最令人擔(dān)憂的還有固體燃料導(dǎo)彈。它們可以更快發(fā)射，更易運(yùn)輸藏匿，更適用于突襲。

Work to raze the missile test stand and nearby support structures began in the second week of May and appeared nearly complete in satellite imagery taken on May 19, Mr. Bermudez said. He said the stand was the only known facility in North Korea used for land-based, canister-launched ballistic missile ejection tests, which are critical for developing the solid-propellant Pukguksong-2 or longer-range systems.

貝穆德斯表示，拆除導(dǎo)彈試驗(yàn)臺(tái)和附近輔助建筑的工作始于5月的第二周，5月19日拍攝的衛(wèi)星圖像顯示工作幾乎已經(jīng)完成。他表示，該試驗(yàn)臺(tái)是朝鮮唯一已知用于陸基發(fā)射筒發(fā)射彈道導(dǎo)彈試驗(yàn)的設(shè)施，對(duì)于研發(fā)使用固體燃料的北極星-2型或更長(zhǎng)射程的導(dǎo)彈系統(tǒng)至關(guān)重要。

Militaries use canisters to “cold launch” missiles, ejecting them high into the air before their fuel ignites. The North’s Pukguksong series are cold launch missiles.

軍隊(duì)使用發(fā)射筒“冷發(fā)射”導(dǎo)彈，會(huì)在點(diǎn)燃燃料前將其射至高空。朝鮮的北極星系列便是冷發(fā)射導(dǎo)彈。

If North Korea had indeed perfected cold launch technology, it would help the nation better protect its mobile missiles from environmental damage while being driven around, and from fiery exhaust during launch. The cold launch method can also make missiles harder to detect once fired.

如果朝鮮確實(shí)已完善了冷發(fā)射技術(shù)，將有助于朝鮮更好地保護(hù)機(jī)動(dòng)導(dǎo)彈在運(yùn)送過(guò)程中免受環(huán)境破壞，發(fā)射時(shí)高溫燃?xì)獾挠绊?。冷發(fā)射法也可以在導(dǎo)彈發(fā)射后使其更難被發(fā)現(xiàn)。

During a military parade in April last year, North Korea also showed off very large, apparently intercontinental, ballistic missiles encased in tubes or canisters, indicating that the North was also developing cold launch long-range missiles.

在去年4月的一次閱兵中，朝鮮還展示了裝在管內(nèi)或是發(fā)射筒內(nèi)的巨大彈道導(dǎo)彈——顯然是洲際導(dǎo)彈，這表明朝鮮也在發(fā)展冷發(fā)射遠(yuǎn)程導(dǎo)彈。

The significance of the removal of the test stand was unclear.

拆除試驗(yàn)臺(tái)的意義尚不清楚。

Mr. Bermudez said it could not be determined whether North Korea was suspending missile ejection tests or was planning to build similar facilities in the future.

貝穆德斯表示，朝鮮是在暫停導(dǎo)彈發(fā)射試驗(yàn)還是計(jì)劃在未來(lái)建造類(lèi)似設(shè)施，還無(wú)法確定。

Jeffrey Lewis, a North Korea specialist at the Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey, Calif., tweeted that the test stand was used to test missile cold ejections, not for flight tests. He said he would strongly dispute the characterization of the facility as “key.”

加利福尼亞蒙特雷(Monterey)米德?tīng)柌飮?guó)際研究學(xué)院(Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey)的朝鮮問(wèn)題專(zhuān)家杰弗里·劉易斯(Jeffrey Lewis)在推文中說(shuō)，該試驗(yàn)臺(tái)被用于測(cè)試導(dǎo)彈冷發(fā)射，而非飛行測(cè)試。他說(shuō)，他強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)將其列為“關(guān)鍵”設(shè)施。

The Kusong test site was not the only place North Korea has tested its Pukguksong-2 system. In May last year, it launched the same missile from Pukchang, south of Kusong. South Korean officials suspected that a North Korean missile that exploded shortly after takeoff from the east coast in April last year may also have been a Pukguksong-2 missile.

朝鮮不止在龜城試驗(yàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)試過(guò)北極星-2型系統(tǒng)，在去年5月，朝鮮在龜城南部的北倉(cāng)發(fā)射了相同的導(dǎo)彈。韓國(guó)官員懷疑，去年4月從東海岸發(fā)射不久后爆炸的朝鮮導(dǎo)彈或許會(huì)是一枚北極星-2型導(dǎo)彈。

Mr. Kim, North Korea’s leader, announced on April 20 that he would discontinue nuclear and intercontinental ballistic missile tests, doing so as his government negotiated with Washington on holding a summit meeting with President Trump. North Korea invited outside journalists to watch the shutting down of its only known nuclear test site on May 24.

朝鮮領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人金正恩4月20日宣布，他將暫停核試驗(yàn)和洲際彈道導(dǎo)彈試驗(yàn)。此時(shí)他的政府正與華盛頓展開(kāi)談判，討論與特朗普總統(tǒng)舉行首腦會(huì)晤。5月24日，朝鮮邀請(qǐng)了外國(guó)記者觀看朝鮮唯一已知核試驗(yàn)場(chǎng)的關(guān)閉過(guò)程。

The summit meeting is now scheduled to take place in Singapore next Tuesday.

首腦會(huì)晤現(xiàn)在定于下周二在新加坡舉行。

After a series of tests, North Korea declared late last year that it had mastered the ability to launch a nuclear missile capable of reaching the mainland United States.

在進(jìn)行了一系列試驗(yàn)后，朝鮮在去年年末宣布已掌握了能打至美國(guó)本土的核導(dǎo)彈能力。

But its Hwasong-series intercontinental ballistic missiles use liquid fuel. Unlike solid-fuel missiles, liquid-fuel rockets have to be loaded with fuel just before launching, a process that can take up to an hour and make the missile vulnerable to a pre-emptive strike.

但朝鮮的火星(Hwasong)系列洲際彈道導(dǎo)彈使用的是液體燃料。與使用固體燃料的導(dǎo)彈不同，液體燃料火箭必須在發(fā)射前進(jìn)行燃料裝載，這一過(guò)程可花費(fèi)一個(gè)小時(shí)，使導(dǎo)彈易受先發(fā)制人的攻擊。

As United States officials were sorting out the final details for Mr. Trump’s summit meeting with Mr. Kim, a top United Nations expert on human rights in North Korea urged Mr. Kim to start freeing prisoners under a general amnesty ahead of the meeting next week.

在美國(guó)官員解決特朗普與金正恩會(huì)晤最后細(xì)節(jié)的時(shí)候，一位身在朝鮮的聯(lián)合國(guó)人權(quán)高級(jí)專(zhuān)家敦促金正恩在下周會(huì)晤前實(shí)行大赦，著手釋放囚犯。

Such an amnesty would send “a good signal,” Tomás Ojea Quintana, the United Nations’ special rapporteur on human rights in North Korea, told reporters in Geneva, according to Agence France-Presse. “There is no rule of law in the country,” he added.

根據(jù)法新社(Agence France-Presse)報(bào)道，這位身在朝鮮的聯(lián)合國(guó)人權(quán)特別調(diào)查員托馬斯·奧赫亞·金塔納(Tomás Ojea Quintana)告訴日內(nèi)瓦記者，這樣的大赦將會(huì)發(fā)出“一個(gè)好的信號(hào)”。“在這個(gè)國(guó)家里沒(méi)有法治，”他補(bǔ)充說(shuō)。

North Korea has been denounced as one of the worst human rights violators in the world, accused of extrajudicial killings, torture, chronic food insecurity, lack of freedom of expression and running a network of prison camps. Human rights groups are demanding Mr. Trump put human rights on his agenda when he meets with Mr. Kim.

朝鮮被指責(zé)為世界上人權(quán)侵犯最嚴(yán)重的國(guó)家之一，被指控法外處決、酷刑、食品長(zhǎng)期無(wú)保障、缺乏言論自由，還管理著監(jiān)獄集中營(yíng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。人權(quán)組織要求特朗普在與金正恩舉行會(huì)晤時(shí)將人權(quán)提上日程。