研究表明，對(duì)千禧一代來(lái)說(shuō)，由肥胖引發(fā)的癌癥正在上升

研究表明，對(duì)千禧一代來(lái)說(shuō)，由肥胖引發(fā)的癌癥正在上升

Cancers fueled by obesity are on the rise among young adults in the United States and appearing at increasingly younger ages, according to an analysis released Monday by the American Cancer Society.

美國(guó)癌癥協(xié)會(huì)周一發(fā)布的一份分析報(bào)告顯示，由肥胖引發(fā)的癌癥在美國(guó)年輕人中呈上升趨勢(shì)，而且出現(xiàn)在越來(lái)越年輕的人群中。

The study, published in The Lancet Public Health, examined data on 12 obesity-related cancers between 1995 and 2014. as well as 18 common cancers not associated with weight. They found a disturbing trend among adults age 24 to 49.

這項(xiàng)發(fā)表在《柳葉刀公共衛(wèi)生》雜志上的研究調(diào)查了1995年至2014年間12種與肥胖相關(guān)的癌癥，以及18種與體重?zé)o關(guān)的常見(jiàn)癌癥的數(shù)據(jù)。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)在24到49歲的成年人中有一個(gè)令人不安的趨勢(shì)。

"The risk of cancer is increasing in young adults for half of the obesity-related cancers, with the increase steeper in progressively younger ages," said co-author Ahmedin Jemal, who is the vice president of the Surveillance and Health Services Research Program for the American Cancer Society.

研究報(bào)告的撰寫(xiě)者之一、美國(guó)癌癥協(xié)會(huì)監(jiān)督與健康服務(wù)研究項(xiàng)目副主任阿赫邁丁•杰馬爾說(shuō):“在半數(shù)與肥胖有關(guān)的癌癥中，年輕人患癌癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)正在增加，而且這種增加在年齡越來(lái)越小的人群中更為明顯。”

The risk, he said, was increasing in a stepwise manner in successively younger people.

他說(shuō)，在相繼出現(xiàn)的年輕人中，這種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)在逐步增加。

"The findings from this study are a warning for increased burden of obesity-related cancer in older adults in the future," said Jemal, "potentially halting or reversing the progress achieved in reducing cancer mortality over the past several decades."

杰馬爾說(shuō):“這項(xiàng)研究的結(jié)果是對(duì)未來(lái)與肥胖相關(guān)的老年人癌癥負(fù)擔(dān)增加的一個(gè)警告，有可能阻止或逆轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)去幾十年在降低癌癥死亡率方面取得的進(jìn)展。”

Cancers typically seen in the elderly

癌癥通常見(jiàn)于老年人

The six obesity-related cancers that showed startling increases among younger adults were colorectal, endometrial, gallbladder, kidney, pancreatic and multiple myeloma, a cancer of the bone marrow.

在年輕人中，六種與肥胖相關(guān)的癌癥出現(xiàn)了驚人的增長(zhǎng)，分別是結(jié)腸直腸癌、子宮內(nèi)膜癌、膽囊癌、腎癌、胰腺癌和多發(fā)性骨髓瘤。多發(fā)性骨髓瘤是一種骨髓癌。

Most of these cancers have traditionally shown up in patients later in life, usually in their 60s and 70s.

這些癌癥通常出現(xiàn)在晚期，通常在六七十歲。

Obesity is a global epidemic

肥胖是全球性的流行病

Globally, obesity has reached "epidemic proportions," says the World Health Organization, which estimates that more than 1 billion adults are overweight, with at least 300 million of them considered clinically obese.

世界衛(wèi)生組織表示，在全球范圍內(nèi)，肥胖已達(dá)到“流行病的程度”。該組織估計(jì)，超過(guò)10億成年人超重，其中至少有3億人被診斷為臨床肥胖。

Millennials are on their way to being one of the heaviest generations on record. Research in the UK shows at least seven in 10 people born between the early 1980s and mid-1990s will likely be overweight or obese by their mid-30s and 40s. Only five in 10 baby boomers were obese at that same age.

千禧一代正在成為有記錄以來(lái)體重最重的一代之一。英國(guó)的一項(xiàng)研究顯示，在80年代初至90年代中期出生的人中，至少有七成可能在三四十歲時(shí)超重或肥胖。嬰兒潮時(shí)期出生的人中只有五人在這個(gè)年齡肥胖。

In the United States, according to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, more than 40% of Americans are obese, as are one in every six children ages 2 to 19.

在美國(guó)，根據(jù)國(guó)家健康和營(yíng)養(yǎng)調(diào)查，超過(guò)40%的美國(guó)人肥胖，2到19歲的兒童中每六個(gè)就有一個(gè)肥胖。

The link between fat and cancer

肥胖和癌癥之間的聯(lián)系

Fat cells, known as adiopose cells, do more than store excess calories in the body. They also release hormone-like fatty acids and proteins that affect metabolism, body weight and reproductive functions.

脂肪細(xì)胞，被稱為脂肪細(xì)胞，在體內(nèi)儲(chǔ)存的不僅僅是多余的熱量。它們還會(huì)釋放影響新陳代謝、體重和生殖功能的類激素脂肪酸和蛋白質(zhì)。

Science is actively trying to discover just how those hormones might contribute to certain cancers.

科學(xué)正在積極地探索這些激素是如何導(dǎo)致某些癌癥的。

According to Berger, who runs a lab focused on obesity and cancer, one likely theory is that some of those hormones match receptors in certain cancers but not others, thus stimulating tumor growth in cancers that are a good fit.

伯杰管理著一個(gè)研究肥胖和癌癥的實(shí)驗(yàn)室。他說(shuō)，有一種可能的理論是，某些激素與某些癌癥的受體相匹配，而不是與其他受體相匹配，從而刺激了合適的癌癥的腫瘤生長(zhǎng)。

Regardless of how it happens, science knows the association is real.

不管它是如何發(fā)生的，科學(xué)都知道這種聯(lián)系是真實(shí)存在的。