預防冠狀病毒的5種方法

預防冠狀病毒的5種方法

As the coronavirus spreads around the globe, there are steps you can take to protect yourself and your family.

隨著冠狀病毒在全球傳播，你可以采取一些措施來保護你自己和你的家人。

"I told my children that while I didn't think that they were at risk right now, we, as a family, need to be preparing for significant disruption of our lives," says Dr. Nancy Messonnier of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

美國疾病控制與預防中心的南希·梅索尼耶博士說:“我告訴孩子們，雖然我不認為他們現(xiàn)在處于危險之中，但作為一個家庭，我們需要為生活受到的重大干擾做好準備。”

Currently, if you live in the U.S. the risk of getting the virus remains very low, but public health officials say there will likely be outbreaks in the United States. So this is a good time to review your emergency game plan.

目前，如果你生活在美國，感染病毒的風險仍然很低，但公共衛(wèi)生官員說，美國很可能會爆發(fā)疫情。所以現(xiàn)在是重新審視你的應急計劃的好時機。

Here's what you need to know to make good decisions to plan, prepare and even prevent the spread of the disease.

以下是你需要知道的，以便做出正確的決定來計劃、準備甚至預防疾病的傳播。

1. This virus is contagious, but so far it's not as deadly as other outbreaks

這種病毒具有傳染性，但到目前為止，它還不像其他疫情那樣致命

In China, more than three-quarters of the cases have been classified as mild. Symptoms include low-grade fever and a cough. Some people also experience fatigue, headaches and, less frequently, diarrhea.

在中國，超過四分之三的病例被歸為輕度。癥狀包括低燒和咳嗽。有些人還會感到疲勞、頭痛，偶爾還會腹瀉。

Overall, the death rate in China is estimated at 2%, and the average age of death among those with COVID-19 is in the 70s. People with underlying medical problems, and particularly smokers, seem to be at higher risk.

總體而言，中國的死亡率估計為2%，而COVID-19患者的平均死亡年齡在70多歲。有潛在健康問題的人，尤其是吸煙者，似乎有更高的風險。

Compared to prior outbreaks of novel viruses, this coronavirus appears less deadly than other human coronaviruses that have spread in recent years. For instance, the death rate was about 34% for MERS and about 10% for SARS.

與以前爆發(fā)的新型病毒相比，這種冠狀病毒的致死率似乎低于近年來傳播的其他人類冠狀病毒。例如，中東呼吸綜合癥患者的死亡率約為34%，而非典型肺炎患者的死亡率約為10%。

The flu causes more than 12.000 deaths a year in the U.S. An annual vaccine is the most effective way to prevent flu, but there are other strategies to prevent it. So far, there's no vaccine against the new coronavirus, but some of the same strategies to prevent flu can also protect against coronavirus.

在美國，每年有超過12000人死于流感。每年注射疫苗是預防流感最有效的方法，但也有其他的預防策略。到目前為止，還沒有針對這種新型冠狀病毒的疫苗，但是一些相同的預防流感的策略也可以預防冠狀病毒。

2. To fend off coronavirus, follow flu prevention tips

要預防冠狀病毒，請遵循流感預防提示

The top tip: Wash your hands. Why? Viruses can spread from person to person via respiratory droplets. When an infected person coughs or sneezes, close contacts can be infected. In addition, the virus can end up on doorknobs, elevator buttons and other surfaces. If you touch those surfaces and then touch your eyes, nose or mouth, you can become infected.

最重要的一點:洗手。為什么?病毒可以通過呼吸道飛沫在人與人之間傳播。當感染者咳嗽或打噴嚏時，密切接觸者也可能被感染。此外，病毒還會附著在門把手、電梯按鈕和其他物體表面。如果你接觸這些表面，然后再接觸你的眼睛、鼻子或嘴巴，你就會被感染。

This is why it's important to wash rigorously. Here's the CDC's guidance. "Wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially after going to the bathroom; before eating; and after blowing your nose, coughing, or sneezing."

這就是為什么嚴格清洗很重要的原因。這是CDC的指導。“經(jīng)常用肥皂和水洗手，至少20秒，特別是在上廁所之后;在吃之前;還有擤鼻涕、咳嗽或打噴嚏之后。”

Here are five more things to remember, per the CDC:

根據(jù)疾病預防控制中心的說法，還有五件事需要記住:

Avoid close contact with people who are sick.

避免與病人密切接觸。

Avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth.

避免觸摸眼睛、鼻子和嘴巴。

Stay home when you are sick.

生病時呆在家里。

Cover your cough or sneeze with a tissue, then throw the tissue in the trash.

用紙巾蓋住你的咳嗽或打噴嚏，然后把紙巾扔到垃圾桶里。

Clean and disinfect frequently touched objects and surfaces using a regular household cleaning spray or wipe.

經(jīng)常接觸的物件和表面，應使用定期的家居清潔噴霧或清潔布清潔和消毒。

3. Don't panic — start to prepare

不要驚慌，開始準備吧

"This is not the time to panic, but it is a time to prepare — good preparedness planning for your family," says Katz.

“這不是恐慌的時候，但這是準備的時候，為你的家人做好準備計劃，”卡茨說。

Think about the threat of a possible outbreak in your community the way you'd think about a big snowstorm or a hurricane. If it never hits, great. But if it does, you'll be glad you prepared.

想象一下你的社區(qū)可能爆發(fā)疫情的威脅，就像你想象一場大暴風雪或颶風一樣。如果沒有爆發(fā)，很好。但如果是這樣，你會很高興自己有所準備。

Don't hoard, but do stock your cupboards with some extra food and cleaning supplies. Each time you grocery shop, buy a few extra items. Shelf-stable foods such as beans and rice are good options. Also, utilize your freezer to preserve foods, everything from meats and vegetables to cooked grains and bread. Think about having enough on hand to last a few weeks.

不要囤積，但一定要在你的櫥柜里多放一些食物和清潔用品。每次你去雜貨店時，多買幾樣東西。耐儲存的食物如豆類和大米是很好的選擇。還有，利用你的冰箱來保存食物，從肉類、蔬菜到煮熟的谷物和面包。考慮一下手頭是否有足夠的錢維持幾個星期。

Check the medicine cabinet to ensure you have basic medications such as aspirin or ibuprofen.

檢查藥箱，確保你有阿司匹林或布洛芬等基本藥物。

Think about a backup plan if schools were to close during an outbreak.

如果學校在疫情爆發(fā)時關閉，想想后備計劃。

If you take a daily prescription medication, have as much of a supply on hand as possible.

如果你每天服用處方藥，要盡可能多的儲備。

Ask your employer about a work-from-home option.

向你的雇主詢問在家工作。

4. The uncertainty of masks to prevent illness

口罩預防疾病的不確定性

Overall, there's not conclusive evidence that wearing a face mask can help prevent being infected by the virus. And public health officials give mixed messages about usefulness for the general public. As we've reported, masks may not fit the face tightly, so you're still able to breathe in infected droplets.

總的來說，沒有確鑿的證據(jù)表明戴口罩可以幫助預防病毒感染。公共衛(wèi)生官員對口罩對公眾的有用性也給出了不同的信息。正如我們所報道的，口罩可能無法緊貼面部，所以你仍然可以吸入受感染的飛沫。

And experts worry that masks can give a false sense of security.

專家們擔心面具會給人一種虛假的安全感。

Health care providers are trained to use masks properly, and there's evidence that they're effective in clinical settings. For people at home, the CDC recommends using masks in certain situations. For instance, if you're caring for an infected person at home, the proper use of masks can protect the caregiver.

衛(wèi)生保健提供者接受過正確使用口罩的培訓，有證據(jù)表明它們在臨床環(huán)境中是有效的。對于家里的人，疾控中心建議在某些情況下使用口罩。例如，如果你在家照顧一個感染者，正確使用口罩可以保護照顧者。

5. Be smart about travel

明智地對待旅行

The CDC updates its travel advisory information frequently. The federal government uses a four-level scale to rank risk. Level 1 equals the lowest risk, and Level 4. the highest.

疾控中心經(jīng)常更新其旅游信息。聯(lián)邦政府使用一個四級量表來對風險進行分級。級別1表示風險最低，級別4表示風險最高。

For parts of Italy, where there's been sustained spread of the novel coronavirus, there's now a Level 4 alert. The CDC advises that older adults and those with chronic medical conditions should consider postponing nonessential travel. "Travelers should avoid contact with sick people and clean their hands often by washing with soap and water for at least 20 seconds or using an alcohol-based hand sanitizer with 60%-95% alcohol."

在意大利部分地區(qū)，新型冠狀病毒持續(xù)傳播，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)達到四級警戒。美國疾病控制與預防中心建議，老年人和慢性病患者應該考慮推遲不必要的旅行。“旅行者應避免與病人接觸，經(jīng)常洗手，用肥皂和水洗手至少20秒，或使用含60%-95%酒精的酒精洗手液。”