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英文原文
Recording one
錄音一
In America, most researchers can see that boys and girls are brought up in different ways, taught different skills, and rewarded for different acts. Women, it is agreed, excel at certain tasks; men at others. There is little argument that some personality traits appear more dominant in one sex than in the other.
在美國(guó)，大多數(shù)研究人員都能看出，男孩和女孩在成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中被以不同的方式培養(yǎng)，學(xué)習(xí)不同的技能，并因不同的行為而受到獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。公認(rèn)的是，女性在某些任務(wù)上表現(xiàn)出色；男性則在其他任務(wù)上表現(xiàn)出色。幾乎沒(méi)有人爭(zhēng)論說(shuō)某些人格特質(zhì)在一個(gè)性別中比另一個(gè)性別更占主導(dǎo)地位。
All of this notwithstanding, gender differences are very much in the media these days. Since the rise of the women's movement, gender role behavior has come under closer scrutiny. How has this affected friendship? How do the sexes differ in their friendship relations?
盡管如此，性別差異如今在媒體上備受關(guān)注。自女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)興起以來(lái)，性別角色行為受到了更嚴(yán)格的審查。這如何影響了友誼？男性和女性在友誼關(guān)系上有何不同？
Most preteen children have a best friend who is usually someone of the same sex and similar age. Both sexes share an essentially positive recollection of these childhood friendships. They do not differ in this respect. However, the type of play engaged in during these early friendships is telling of the difference to come. Boys tend to form play groups that are competitive in nature. Girls' groups more frequently revolve around cooperative enterprises.
大多數(shù)學(xué)齡前兒童都有一個(gè)最好的朋友，通常是同性和同齡的人。兩性對(duì)這些童年友誼的記憶基本上都是積極的。在這方面，他們沒(méi)有什么不同。然而，這些早期友誼中所從事的游戲類(lèi)型預(yù)示著即將到來(lái)的差異。男孩傾向于組成具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性的游戲小組。女孩的小組則更多地圍繞合作活動(dòng)展開(kāi)。
Thus, at an early age, boys become concerned with trying hard and winning, while girls, by contrast, play house and school, engaging in roles that require complementary support. Speaking of their childhood, men recall being highly responsive to and aware of the gender role opinions of other boys. Girls in preteen years appear to be less susceptible to gender role pressure. It is not until the dating years that women report being concerned with feminine behavior. Males, for the most part, are responsive to the suggestion that their behavior is unmanly at almost any age.
因此，在很小的時(shí)候，男孩就開(kāi)始關(guān)心努力工作和贏得勝利，而女孩則相反，她們玩扮家家和上學(xué)的游戲，扮演需要互補(bǔ)支持的角色。談到他們的童年，男性回憶說(shuō)，他們高度響應(yīng)并意識(shí)到其他男孩的性別角色觀點(diǎn)。十幾歲的女孩似乎不太容易受到性別角色壓力的影響。直到約會(huì)年齡，女性才報(bào)告說(shuō)關(guān)注女性行為。男性在大多數(shù)情況下，幾乎在任何年齡都會(huì)對(duì)自己的行為不夠男子氣概的建議做出回應(yīng)。
These early attitudes, reinforced by social conditioning, continue to play an active part in the friendships of both sexes during adolescence.
這些早期的態(tài)度，加上社會(huì)條件的影響，在青少年時(shí)期繼續(xù)在兩性的友誼中發(fā)揮積極作用。
This is a period when the majority of males, once again, report a close alliance with same-sex friends. Now, however, with heightened intensity, considerable energy is devoted to competing for position, and a definite undercurrent of competition permeates the relationship. Although in this similar fashion, females share equally fragile relationships at this age. For them, the bond of loyalty extends only to the line of romantic involvement. This is most apt to be the case in late adolescence, when dating and relationships with boys take sharp precedence over sisterhood. Actually, dating dilutes the intensity of same-sex friendships for men also.
這是一個(gè)時(shí)期，大多數(shù)男性再次報(bào)告與同性朋友建立了緊密的聯(lián)盟。然而，現(xiàn)在隨著強(qiáng)度的增加，他們投入了大量的精力來(lái)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)地位，并且關(guān)系中明顯存在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的暗流。雖然以這種類(lèi)似的方式，這個(gè)年齡段的女性也擁有同樣脆弱的關(guān)系。對(duì)她們來(lái)說(shuō)，忠誠(chéng)的紐帶只延伸到浪漫關(guān)系的界限。這在青春期晚期最為明顯，當(dāng)與男孩的約會(huì)和關(guān)系遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)了姐妹情誼。實(shí)際上，對(duì)于男性來(lái)說(shuō)，約會(huì)也淡化了同性友誼的強(qiáng)度。
For the majority of us, the moment we begin to date seriously, there's a competition between romance and friendship.
對(duì)于我們大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)，當(dāng)我們開(kāi)始認(rèn)真約會(huì)時(shí)，浪漫和友誼之間就存在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
問(wèn)題16到18是基于你剛剛聽(tīng)到的錄音。
Question 16: What does the speaker say about most preteen children?
問(wèn)題16：說(shuō)話者如何描述大多數(shù)學(xué)齡前兒童？
Question 17: What do most males devote much of their energy to during adolescence?
問(wèn)題17：大多數(shù)男性在青春期將大部分精力投入到什么上面？
Question 18: What do children do when they reach late adolescence?
問(wèn)題18：當(dāng)孩子進(jìn)入青春期晚期時(shí)，他們會(huì)做什么？
