筆者之所以寫就如此一番開場白,是因為在這方面關(guān)注頗多,并且經(jīng)常感慨多多。不久前,筆者看到某城市的日報上刊登的一則英語新聞,內(nèi)容是說該市的出租車起步價將要上調(diào),沒想到該文的譯者(因為該英語新聞報道就是根據(jù)同內(nèi)容的中文新聞報道轉(zhuǎn)譯的)把“起步價”逐字翻譯成了pace-starting price,讓人很是咋舌,因為這一說法很不地道和專業(yè)。
由此,筆者也產(chǎn)生了好奇心,試圖通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)搜索探究“起步價”這一在我們聽來耳熟能詳?shù)恼f法,在英語里究竟用的什么地道表達(dá)。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),base price,flag fall 和flag-down fare等詞語屬于在相關(guān)國家和地區(qū)最貼近的說法。請看美國媒體的以下報道:
Washington (CNN) -- Passengers hailing cabs in Chicago starting Sunday may want to read the fine print on the taxi placards before they get in. In addition to the base fare, cab drivers for the first time can charge sick passengers a $50 vomit cleanup fee.
上述內(nèi)容是美國CNN2012年6月12日的一則新聞報道,說的是芝加哥的出租車將對租用出租車時在車上因為暈車而嘔吐的乘客征收50美元一次的嘔吐清潔費。其中的In addition to the base fare就是“除了起步價之外”的意思,也就是說,除了起步價,乘客若在車上嘔吐,將支付額外的清潔費。以下是芝加哥的出租車上張貼的各類收費標(biāo)準(zhǔn)說明以及對乘客告知的各類權(quán)利和義務(wù)。
• 在澳大利亞,出租車的“起步價”通常使用flag fall 或flagfall,維基百科就有如下說明:Flagfall or flag fall is common Australian expression for a fixed start fee, especially in the haulage and railroad industry. The origin is a taxi expression for the minimum charge for hiring a taxi, to which the rate per kilometer or mile is then added.
• 澳大利亞新南威爾士州交通局官網(wǎng)一則關(guān)于本地出租車從2012年7月22日開始調(diào)價的通知中,出現(xiàn)了以下相關(guān)詞語:起步價(flag fall),公里價(distance rate),夜間營業(yè)額外收費(night-time surcharge),訂車費(booking fee)等等。
筆者發(fā)現(xiàn),關(guān)于“招手截停”出租車,我國的英語學(xué)習(xí)者基本上只會使用“stop”這一單詞,其語境和語用與地道表達(dá)相去甚遠(yuǎn)。除了上面說到的flag down,另一說法是hail,例如:If this is about seeing a vacant taxi on a street and asking the driver to stop for you, "hail a taxi" is what one would say in AE. If you mean something else, please be more specific. 該網(wǎng)站更加具體的說明是:to hail a taxi -- which is to make a gesture (raising your arm) to get a taxi to stop。如果你有急事需要求助,招手示意其他車輛停下來,也是flag down,例如:
1. I flagged down a passing car to ask for help.
2. Let's flag down a cab--it's starting to rain.
3. The policeman flagged down our car.
無論是flag down 還是flag fall,關(guān)于出租車“起步價”在英語中的地道表達(dá),都離不開一個關(guān)鍵詞flag。那么,這里的flag又是什么意思呢?是我們通常理解的“旗幟”嗎?百度詞典對flag down 的解釋是“打旗號使停下”,貌似“打旗語”的意思。但根據(jù)筆者的查證,這里的flag和“旗語”似乎無關(guān),而是來自早期的出租車營運方式,那時候的出租車?yán)镉幸粋€類似旗幟的操作桿,如果是空車,這個操作桿是豎著的,而如果乘客進(jìn)入車內(nèi),這個操作桿就被放倒了(down/fall),出租車開始計費,此乃flag down/fall也。維基百科關(guān)于flag fall的解釋提供了詳細(xì)的說明:The origin is a taxi expression for the minimum charge for hiring a taxi, to which the rate per kilometer or mile is then added. It dates back to the old mechanical taximeters, which were equipped with a flag-like lever that could be seen from outside the cab. When the "flag" was up and visible, the cab was not occupied. When a passenger stepped in, the driver turned the lever down - the "flag fall" - and the taximeter started counting.