雙語(yǔ)詩(shī)歌翻譯|杜甫-《兵車行》

《兵車行》是唐代偉大詩(shī)人杜甫創(chuàng)作的敘事詩(shī)。全詩(shī)以“道旁過(guò)者問(wèn)行人”為界分為兩段：首段摹寫送別的慘狀，是紀(jì)事；次段傳達(dá)征夫的訴苦，是紀(jì)言。此詩(shī)具有深刻的思想內(nèi)容，借征夫?qū)先说拇鹪挘瑑A訴了人民對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的痛恨，揭露了唐玄宗長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)的窮兵黷武，連年征戰(zhàn)，給人民造成了巨大的災(zāi)難。全詩(shī)寓情于敘事之中，在敘述次序上參差錯(cuò)落前后呼應(yīng)，變化開(kāi)闔井然有序，并巧妙運(yùn)用過(guò)渡句和習(xí)用詞語(yǔ)，造成了回腸蕩氣的藝術(shù)效果。詩(shī)人自創(chuàng)樂(lè)府新題寫時(shí)事，為中唐時(shí)期興起的新樂(lè)府運(yùn)動(dòng)作出了開(kāi)創(chuàng)性的貢獻(xiàn)。

杜甫 《兵車行》

車轔轔，馬蕭蕭，行人弓箭各在腰。
耶娘妻子走相送，塵埃不見(jiàn)咸陽(yáng)橋。
牽衣頓足闌道哭，哭聲直上干云霄。
道傍過(guò)者問(wèn)行人，行人但云點(diǎn)行頻。
或從十五北防河，便至四十西營(yíng)田。
去時(shí)里正與裹頭，歸來(lái)頭白還戍邊。
邊亭流血成海水，武皇開(kāi)邊意未已。
君不聞漢家山東二百州，千村萬(wàn)落生荊杞。
縱有健婦把鋤犁，禾生隴畝無(wú)東西。
況復(fù)秦兵耐苦戰(zhàn)，被驅(qū)不異犬與雞。
長(zhǎng)者雖有問(wèn)，役夫敢申恨。
且如今年冬，未休關(guān)西卒。
縣官急索租，租稅從何出。
信知生男惡，反是生女好。
生女猶是嫁比鄰，生男埋沒(méi)隨百草。
君不見(jiàn)青海頭，古來(lái)白骨無(wú)人收。
新鬼煩冤舊鬼哭，天陰雨濕聲啾啾。

Song of the Conscripts
Du Fu

Chariots rumble and horses grumble.
The conscripts march with bow and arrows at the waist.
Their fathers, mothers, wives and children come in haste
To see them off; the bridge is shrouded in dust they’ve raised.
They clutch at their coats, stamp the feet and bar the way;
Their grief cries loud and strikes the cloud straight, straightaway.
An onlooker by roadside asks an enrollee.
“The conscription is frequent,” only answers he.
Some went north at fifteen to guard the rivershore,
And were sent west to till the land at forty.
The elder bound their young heads when they went away;
Just home, they’re sent to the frontier though their hair’s gray.
The field on borderland becomes a sea of blood;
The emperor’s greed for land is still at high flood.
Have you not heard
Two hundred districts east of the Hua Mountains lie,
Where briers and brambles grow in villages far and nigh?
Although stout women can wield the plough and the hoe,
Thorns and weeds in the east as in the west o’ergrow.
The enemy are used to hard and stubborn fight;
Our men are driven just like dogs or fowls in flight.
“You are kind to ask me.
To complain I’m not free.
In winter of this year
Conscription goes on here.
The magistrates for taxes press.
How can we pay them in distress?
If we had know sons bring no joy,
We would have preferred girl to boy.
A daughter can be wed to a neighbor, alas!
A son can only be buried under the grass!”
Have you not seen On borders green
Bleached bones since olden days unburied on the plain?
The old ghosts weep and cry, while the new ghosts complain;
The air is loud with screech and scream in gloomy rain.