Does money buy happiness?
Does money buy happiness?Not.Ah,but would a little more money make us a little happier?Many of us smirk1) and nod.There is,we believe,some connection between fiscal2) fitness and feeling fantastic.Most of us would say that,yes,we would like to be rich.Three in four American collegians now consider it “very important” or “essential” that they become “very well off financially.” Money matters.
Well,are rich people happier?Researchers have found that in poor countries,such as Bangladesh,being relatively well off does make for greater well-being.We need food,rest,shelter and social contact.
But a surprising fact of life is that in countries where nearly everyone can afford life’s necessities,increasing affluence matters surprisingly little.The correlation between income and happiness is “surprisingly weak,” observed University of Michigan researcher Ronald Inglehart in one 16-nation study of 170,000people.Once comfortable,more money provides diminishing returns.The second piece of pie,or the second $100,000,never tastes as good as the first.
Even lottery3 winners and the Forbes’ 100wealthiest Americans have expressed only slightly greater happiness than the average American.Making it big4) brings temporary joy.But in the long run wealth is like health:its utter absence can breed misery,but having it doesn’t guarantee happiness.Happiness seems less a matter of getting what we want than of wanting what we have.
Has our happiness floated upward with the rising economic tide?Are we happier today than in 1940,when two out of five homes lacked a shower or tub?When heat often meant feeding wood or coal into a furnace?When 35percent of homes had no toilet?
Actually,we are not.Since 1957,the number of Americans who say they are “very happy” has declined from 35to 32percent.Meanwhile,the divorce rate has doubled,the teen suicide rate has nearly tripled5),the violent crime rate has nearly quadrupled6)(even after the recent decline),and more people than ever(especially teens and young adults)are depressed.
I call this soaring wealth and shrinking spirit “the American paradox7).”More than ever,we have big houses and broken homes,high incomes and low morale,secured rights and diminished civility.We excel at making a living but often fail at making a life.We celebrate our prosperity but yearn8) for purpose.We cherish our freedoms but long for connection.In an age of plenty,we feel spiritual hunger.
by David Myers
金錢能買幸福嗎?
金錢能買幸福嗎?不!但是多一點兒錢是不是會令我們多一點兒幸福呢?對此,我們中的很多人會嘿嘿一笑并點頭同意。我們相信,物質富裕與精神愉悅間存在著某種關聯(lián)。大多數人會說,是的,我們希望富有。當今3/4的美國大學生認為“經濟上很富足”是“十分重要的”或“必要的”。金錢確實重要。
那么富人就更幸福嗎?研究人員發(fā)現在貧窮國家,如孟加拉國,相對的富有確實能夠帶來較大的安康。我們需要食品、休息、住房以及社會交往。
但是一個令人驚訝的事實是,在那些幾乎人人都豐衣足食的國家中,更加富足并沒有什么重要意義。收入與幸福的相互關系是“微乎其微”,密歇根大學研究員羅納德·英格利哈特在一項對16個國家17萬人的調查報告中就是這樣說。人們一旦生活舒適,更多的金錢所帶來的幸福感便會遞減。第二張餅不如第一張香,第二次獲得10萬美元不如第一次那樣興奮。
即使彩票中獎者以及《福布斯》雜志選出的前100名最富有的美國人都表示,比起一般的美國人,他們只是略感幸福而已。發(fā)大財能夠帶來短暫的快樂,但從長遠來講,財富就如同健康:完全沒有,會帶來苦難,但是有了卻不一定能夠保證幸福。幸福似乎并不意味企圖得到我們想要的東西,而意味著想要我們已有的東西。
我們的幸福是否伴隨著經濟浪潮上漲了呢?回顧1940年,2/5的家庭沒有淋浴或者浴缸,取暖通常意味著向爐子中添加木塊或者煤塊,35%的家庭沒有衛(wèi)生間。同那時相比,今天的我們是否多了一分幸福?
實際上,我們并沒有。自1957年以來,聲稱自己“非常幸福”的美國人已經從35%降到了32%。同時,離婚率翻了一番,青少年自殺率增長了近2倍,暴力犯罪率上升了近3倍(即便最近有所下降),情緒消沉的人數(尤其是青少年)超過了以往任何時候。
我把這種飛速增長的財富和不斷萎靡的精神稱之為“美國矛盾”。這種情況現在甚于以往任何時候:我們得到了大房子,但卻換來了家庭的破裂;我們得到了高收入,但卻降低了道德水準;我們得到了有保障的權利,但卻漸漸失去了禮儀。我們善于謀生,但卻往往不會營造生活。我們慶祝取得的成功,但卻感到缺乏目的。我們珍視個人的自由,但卻又渴望著與他人交流。在這個物質財富充裕的時代,我們感到精神上的饑渴。
NOTE 注釋:
1. smirk [smE:k] vi. 傻笑,得意的笑
2. fiscal [5fiskEl] adj.(一般)財務的,金錢的
3. lottery [5lCtEri] n. 彩票
4. make it big [美俚] 飛黃騰達
5. triple [5tripl] vi. 增至三倍
6. quadruple [5kwCdrupl] vi. 成為四倍
7. paradox [5pArEdCks] n. 有明顯矛盾特點的事(人,行為等)
8. yearn [jE:n] vi. 渴望, 想念, 懷念, 向往