雅思寫(xiě)作之“要?jiǎng)?wù)”：恰當(dāng)準(zhǔn)確使用小詞短語(yǔ)
很多準(zhǔn)備參加雅思考試的同學(xué)卻往往不通此法，在練習(xí)雅思寫(xiě)作的時(shí)候，時(shí)常糾結(jié)于如何把句子寫(xiě)得更“拽”，于是各種復(fù)雜的“大詞”和長(zhǎng)難句輪番上陣;然而不幸的是，在他們苦思冥想如何把句子“秀”得更漂亮的同時(shí)，卻往往因?yàn)檎Z(yǔ)法功底不強(qiáng)而出現(xiàn)諸多錯(cuò)誤，甚至忽略了句子的實(shí)際表意功能，使文章難懂、費(fèi)解、錯(cuò)誤百出。這就好像一個(gè)武功平平的莽夫，總喜歡依靠蠻力取勝;殊不知，高手出招，往往是勝于無(wú)形的。
而這樣動(dòng)輒“求長(zhǎng)、求難”的寫(xiě)作，大概是近年來(lái)很多考生的一個(gè)共同誤區(qū)!大家總錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為，雅思寫(xiě)作用詞要越“大”越好，句型要越長(zhǎng)越復(fù)雜越好。其實(shí)不然!一味地追求“大、長(zhǎng)、難”不但不能使文章增色，搞不好還會(huì)適得其反，特別是那些基礎(chǔ)相對(duì)薄弱的考生，“大、長(zhǎng)、難”務(wù)必慎用!
中國(guó)人有句古話叫“尺有所短，寸有所長(zhǎng)”。同樣地，小詞、短句，有時(shí)候也會(huì)有震撼人心的力量。
下面我們來(lái)看《IELTS PLUS》里的一段例文：
Avoiding pollution can be a full-time job. Try not to inhale traffic fumes; keep away from chemical plants and building-sites; wear a mask when cycling. It is enough to make you want to stay at home. But that，
according to a growing body of scientific evidence， would also be a bad idea.
Research shows that levels of pollutants such as hazardous gases， particulate matter and
other chemical“nasties”are usually higher indoors than out， even in the most polluted cities.
Since the average American spends 18 hours indoors for every hour outside， it looks as though
many environmentalists may be attacking the wrong target.
沒(méi)有矯揉造作的長(zhǎng)難句型，沒(méi)有生澀難懂的復(fù)雜詞匯，通讀全文，我們感覺(jué)到的是一種自然天成的清晰和流暢，這才是我們所追求的理想作文，才是我們所修煉的上乘武功。
這樣清新流暢的語(yǔ)言風(fēng)格，在考官范文中也比比皆是：Many people find their rewards unfair， especially when comparing these super
salaries with those of top surgeons or research scientist， or even leading
politicians who have the responsibility of governing the country. However，
sports salaries are not determined by considering the contribution to society
a person makes or the level of responsibility he or she holds. Instead，
they reflect the public popularity of sport in general and the level of public
support that successful stars can generate. So the notion of ‘fairness’
is not the issue. ——(《劍橋雅思6》)
長(zhǎng)句(Many people find ……responsibility of governing the country.)短句(So the notion of ‘fairness’ is not the issue.)相得益彰，大詞(responsibility)小詞(so)交相呼應(yīng)，邏輯關(guān)系(comparing， however， instead)清晰明確，是考生們學(xué)習(xí)效仿的絕佳素材。
雅思寫(xiě)作之“要?jiǎng)?wù)”在于文章的可讀性，也就是讓讀者更清晰明了地理解你文章的內(nèi)容。而復(fù)雜的長(zhǎng)難句和生硬的“大詞”，勢(shì)必會(huì)阻礙文章語(yǔ)言的流暢性和閱卷者思路的延續(xù)性，從而造成閱讀障礙。而且，頻繁使用長(zhǎng)句大詞無(wú)疑增加了出現(xiàn)語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤和拼寫(xiě)失誤的概率，從而導(dǎo)致失分。
語(yǔ)言是一門(mén)藝術(shù)，寫(xiě)作是創(chuàng)造藝術(shù)并享受藝術(shù)的過(guò)程。反復(fù)雕琢固然是美，卻不及自然天成的美那樣流暢自如。因此我們要敢于“砍掉”那些過(guò)于冗繁的長(zhǎng)句和大詞，就像雕塑家砍掉“傷美”的維納斯的手臂!因此，恰當(dāng)準(zhǔn)確地使用“小詞”“短句”，從而確保語(yǔ)言流暢清新，才是廣大中國(guó)雅思考生急需掌握的“四兩撥千斤”的絕妙武功，才是雅思寫(xiě)作中的“凌波微步”!
