要突破語法需要從7個(gè)語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)出發(fā):英語句子的成分、簡單句和并列句、名詞性從句、定語從句、狀語從句、非謂語以及標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)。
接下來,我會(huì)給大家講一下英語句子的成分以及簡單句和并列句。
英語句子的成分(Elements of English Sentences)
英語句子的成分包括主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語以及同位語。
主語可以有名詞、名詞短語、代詞、動(dòng)名詞、從句等充當(dāng)。例如:
Schools should make efforts to provide a well-rounded education and produce well-rounded individuals. (名詞作主語)
Participating in sports can enhance students’ physical health. (動(dòng)名詞作主語)
What the teachers should do is to help their students with their confidence. (從句作主語)
其中,考生要注意的是動(dòng)名詞和從句做主語,謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。
謂語動(dòng)詞是有動(dòng)詞的各個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成的。在雅思寫作Task 2中,需要注意的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)和將來時(shí)態(tài)的使用,同是也需要注意情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的使用方法。而在Task 1中,還需要注意的使用的時(shí)態(tài)有一般過去時(shí)態(tài), 過去完成時(shí)態(tài),以及用be likely/predicted to do表示的將來預(yù)測。
賓語是在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后的成分,一般可以用名詞、名詞詞組、代詞、動(dòng)名詞和從句等構(gòu)成;表語是放在系動(dòng)詞之后的成分,而be動(dòng)詞是運(yùn)用最廣泛的系動(dòng)詞。除此之外,系動(dòng)詞還有become,turn,go等。
以上幾種成分是核心成分,而定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語和同位語都是句子的附加成分。有了這些成分,會(huì)使得句子更加豐滿,相反,會(huì)顯得有些單調(diào)。例如:
She is a girl. →
She is a tall, slim and beautiful girl.
People can be sent to hospitals, and get treatments by doctors with equipment.
People can be sent to hospitals immediately and get effective treatments by experienced and professional doctors with advanced medical equipment.
從上面兩句話不難發(fā)現(xiàn),增加了形容詞和副詞的句子會(huì)更加生動(dòng)一些,描述也更加詳細(xì)。
簡單句和并列句(Simple Sentences & Compound Sentences)
簡單句和并列句是雅思寫作的基本句型??v觀《劍橋雅思真題1》到《劍橋雅思真題10》的寫作考官范文,考官的作文也是以簡單句和并列句為主,其他難句子只是一個(gè)輔助作用。
簡單句有五種基本句型:
S + V (主語+ 謂語[不及物動(dòng)詞])
Dogs bark. (狗叫。)
Jack smiled. (杰克微笑了。)
S + V + O(主語+ 謂語[及物動(dòng)詞] + 賓語)
He collects stamps. (他集郵。)
He teaches English. (他教英語。)
S + LV + P(主語+ 系動(dòng)詞+ 表語)
Reading is a pleasure. (閱讀是一種樂趣。)
The movie was good. (這部電影不錯(cuò)。)
S + V + O + OC(主語+ 謂語[及物動(dòng)詞] + 賓語+ 賓補(bǔ))
The teachers consider my brother as a genius. (老師認(rèn)為我哥哥是個(gè)天才。)
They appointed him manager. (他們?nèi)蚊怂麨榻?jīng)理。)
S + V + + IO + DO(主語+ 謂語[及物動(dòng)詞] + 間接賓語+ 直接賓語)
Jim bought Mary a present. (吉姆給瑪麗買了一件禮物。)
The tailor made John a suit. (裁縫給約翰做了一套衣服。)
并例句其實(shí)就是“簡單句+連詞+簡單句”構(gòu)成的。
and表示“和,且”
He had plenty of money and he spent it freely. (他有很多錢,而且很隨意地花。)
I said it and I meant it. (我說到做到。)
besides,moreover,furthermore,further,in addition,also,likewise,similarly,again等,這些副詞作連詞,之前通常用分號(hào)或句號(hào)。
It is too late to go for a walk now; besides, it is beginning to rain.
(現(xiàn)在散步太晚了,何況又開始下雨了。)
but
He may be a man of character, but (he) cannot be a man of ability.
(他可能是一個(gè)有個(gè)性的人,但不可能是個(gè)有才干的人。)
whereas,while,still,yet,and yet,but yet,這些詞語前可以用逗號(hào);however,nevertheless,on the other hand前用分號(hào)。
Some people like fat meat, whereas others hate it.
(有些人喜歡吃肥肉,相反地,有些人卻討厭肥肉。)
He went out, while I stayed at home.
(他出去了,而我卻留在家里。)
(他很有錢,但是他還不滿足。)
Our task is hard; however, we should preserve to the end.
(我們的任務(wù)很艱巨,但是我們應(yīng)該堅(jiān)持到底。)
He has faults; nevertheless, we love him.
(他有缺點(diǎn),可是我們喜歡他。)
or
Do you want a bath at once or shall I have mine first?
(你想立刻洗澡還是我先洗?)
Do not drive so fast or you will have an accident.
(不要開太快了,否則會(huì)出車禍的。)
else,or else前用逗號(hào)或分號(hào);otherwise前用分號(hào)。
You must study hard; or else you will fail.
(你一定要努力學(xué)習(xí),不然就會(huì)失敗。)
Leave the room; otherwise you will be caught.
(離開這個(gè)房間,否則你會(huì)被捉住。)
so
He was very tired from walking, so he sat down to take a little rest.
(他做路走得很疲倦,所以坐下來休息一會(huì)兒。)
He was borne and brought up in Australia, so he can speak English.
(他生在在澳大利亞,所以他會(huì)說英語。)
therefore,thus,consequently,accordingly,then,hence都是副詞,前面要用分號(hào)或與and連用。
He was out of health, and therefore he could not go to school.
(他身體不是很健康,所以不能上學(xué)。)
He has done very good work for the society; therefore, he deserves great praise.
(他為社會(huì)做了很多好事,所以他應(yīng)該受到高度表揚(yáng)。)
for
He must have passed this way, for there are his foot-prints.
(他一定是從這條路走的,因?yàn)檫@里有他的腳印。)
It must have rained during the night, for the road is wet.
除了以上講的幾個(gè)語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)外,同學(xué)們還需要去攻破其他的知識(shí)點(diǎn),多做句子翻譯、段落翻譯以及文章翻譯練習(xí)。這樣才能不斷的暴露出自己的語法漏洞,并及時(shí)改正。
以上就是語法攻破雅思寫作的全部內(nèi)容,最后,祝所有備戰(zhàn)雅思的同學(xué)都能取得理想成績。