雅思寫(xiě)作備考：這樣寫(xiě)開(kāi)頭穩(wěn)妥拿高分
很多國(guó)內(nèi)的考生受到寫(xiě)中文作文或者傳統(tǒng)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的影響，寫(xiě)一篇文章的開(kāi)頭段時(shí)總是想要盡力抓住考官的眼球，不停地?cái)[弄自己還不成熟的詞匯和句型，結(jié)果非但沒(méi)有得到想要的分?jǐn)?shù)，反被考官倒打一耙。那么我們要如何在最短的時(shí)間內(nèi)，以最簡(jiǎn)單以及最能得分的方式寫(xiě)出好的作文開(kāi)頭段呢?
其實(shí)我們可以把雅思寫(xiě)作題目中的提問(wèn)方式分成四個(gè)大類(lèi)：觀點(diǎn)類(lèi)(opinion essay)、討論類(lèi)(discussion essay)、優(yōu)劣勢(shì)類(lèi)(advantage and disadvantage essay)和報(bào)告類(lèi)(report)。每一種提問(wèn)方式的題目都有自己不同的開(kāi)頭段寫(xiě)作方法。
Part 1 Opinion Essay
觀察觀點(diǎn)類(lèi)題目的特征，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，此類(lèi)題型的特征是題目有且只有一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。而題目要求我們回答的是“同意”或“不同意”的觀點(diǎn)。所以只要確定好自己的觀點(diǎn)，開(kāi)頭段就可以寫(xiě)出來(lái)。 例如：
Some people believe that living in big cities is bad for health.
Do you agree or disagree?
如果，我們選擇同意此觀點(diǎn)，可以根據(jù)“背景句+直接轉(zhuǎn)述題目+個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)”的公式。
These days, it is quite common to see that a growing number of people choose to settle down in large cities. (背景句) But some people argue that leading an urban life would produce negative influences on people’s health. (直接轉(zhuǎn)述題目) Personally, I agree with this idea. (個(gè)人觀點(diǎn))
如果選擇不同意題目觀點(diǎn)，則可以用“although”的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)行改寫(xiě)，得到：
These days, it is quite common to see that a growing number of people choose to settle down in large cities. (背景句) Although some people argue that leading an urban life would produce negative influences on people’s health, (although +直接轉(zhuǎn)述題目) personally, I do not agree with this idea. (個(gè)人觀點(diǎn))
Part 2 Discussion Essay
觀察討論類(lèi)的題目，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，這樣的題目會(huì)有兩個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，并且題目要求“討論雙方觀點(diǎn)”和“給出自己的觀點(diǎn)”。這樣的題目中，其實(shí)只用在開(kāi)頭段中寫(xiě)出背景句和轉(zhuǎn)述雙方觀點(diǎn)就好了，至于個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)，可以放到personal idea的段落中。如：
Some people think citizens should be responsible for their own health costs. Others think it is better to have a health care system which provides free health services.
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
這個(gè)題目的開(kāi)頭段就可以寫(xiě)為：
People in some countries are paying an increasing amount of money for seeing a doctor, even for a minor illness. (背景句) But, still, some people assert that individuals themselves are supposed to pay for such fees. (一方觀點(diǎn)) However, other people disagree and suggest that it is the government’s responsibility to undertake the health costs for its citizens. (另一方觀點(diǎn))
Part 3 Advantages & Disadvantage Essay
優(yōu)劣勢(shì)的題目，一般而言都會(huì)給出一個(gè)現(xiàn)象或者是趨勢(shì)，這又剛好和我們開(kāi)頭段中的“背景句”吻合了，所以在優(yōu)劣勢(shì)文章的開(kāi)頭段的時(shí)候就沒(méi)有必要再寫(xiě)背景句了，直接轉(zhuǎn)述題目就可以了。但是要表達(dá)出自己的“優(yōu)大于劣”或者“劣大于優(yōu)”的觀點(diǎn)，只需要用一句話就搞定了。如：
Shopping online is replacing shopping in stores.
Do the advantages outweigh its disadvantages?
開(kāi)頭段可以寫(xiě)為：
These days, it is common to see that people prefer choosing online shopping to shopping in physical stores. Although some problems would occur as this trend continues, I believe such development brings more benefits.
Part 4 Report
其實(shí)report最簡(jiǎn)單，因?yàn)橥ǔｎ}目和優(yōu)劣勢(shì)文章一樣，會(huì)給出一個(gè)現(xiàn)象或趨勢(shì)，所以開(kāi)頭段的組成部分就只有改寫(xiě)題目。如：
In many parts of the world, children and teenagers are committing more crimes.
Why is this happening?
What are the possible solutions to solve this problem?
開(kāi)頭段可以寫(xiě)為：
These days, it is common to see that the rate of youth crime has been increasing dramatically all over the globe and it is a most worrying issue of modern society.
