所謂不一致不光指主謂不一致,還包括了數(shù)的不一致、時(shí)態(tài)不一致以及代詞不一致等。比如:When one have money, he can do what he want to.
分析:one是第三人稱單數(shù),因此本句的have應(yīng)改為has; want應(yīng)改為wants, 本句是典型的主謂不一致。
改為:When one has money, he can do what he wants (to do).
二、修飾語(yǔ)錯(cuò)位
英語(yǔ)與漢語(yǔ)不同,同一個(gè)修飾語(yǔ)置于句子不同的位置,句子的含義可能引起變化。對(duì)于這一點(diǎn)考生們往往沒有引起足夠的重視,因而造成了不必要的誤解。比如:I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.
分析:better位置不當(dāng),應(yīng)置于句末。
三、句子不完整
在口語(yǔ)中,交際雙方可借助手勢(shì)語(yǔ)氣上下文等,不完整的句子完全可以被理解??墒菚嬲Z(yǔ)就不同了,句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整會(huì)令意思表達(dá)不清,這種情況常常在主句寫完以后,作者又想加些補(bǔ)充說明時(shí)發(fā)生。比如:There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV, radio, newspaper and so on.
分析:本句后半部分"For example by TV, radio, newspaper and so on.”不是一個(gè)完整的句子,僅為一些不連貫的詞語(yǔ),不能獨(dú)立成句。
改為:There are many ways to know society, for example, by TV, radio, and newspaper.
四、懸垂修飾語(yǔ)
所謂懸垂修飾語(yǔ)是指句首的短語(yǔ)與后面句子的邏輯關(guān)系混亂不清。比如:At the age of ten, my grandfather died. 這句中"at the age of ten"只寫出十歲時(shí),但沒有說明“誰(shuí)”十歲時(shí),按一般推理不可能是my grandfather, 如果我們把這個(gè)懸垂修飾語(yǔ)改得明確一點(diǎn),讀者或考官在讀句子時(shí)就不會(huì)誤解了。
改為:When I was ten, my grandfather died.
五、詞性誤用
“詞性誤用”常表現(xiàn)為:介詞當(dāng)動(dòng)詞用;形容詞當(dāng)副詞用;名詞當(dāng)動(dòng)詞用等。比如:None can negative the importance of money.
分析:negative系形容詞,誤作動(dòng)詞。
改為:None can deny the importance of money.
六、指代不清
指代不清主要講的是代詞與被指代的人或物關(guān)系不清,或者先后所用的代詞不一致。比如:Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.
讀完上面這一句話,讀者無法明確地判斷兩位姑娘中誰(shuí)將結(jié)婚,誰(shuí)將當(dāng)伴娘。如果我們把易于引起誤解的代詞所指代的對(duì)象加以明確,意思就一目了然了。這個(gè)句子可改為:Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.
七、不間斷句子
這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的出現(xiàn)受中文意識(shí)的影響很大。很多考生在寫句子時(shí),句子之間缺乏有效的連接成分。甚至,有的句子寫的比較中式化。比如:There are many ways we get to know the outside world.
分析:這個(gè)句子包含了兩層完整的意思:“there are many ways”以及“we get to know the outside world”。簡(jiǎn)單地把它們連在一起就不妥當(dāng)了。
改為:There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或:There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world.