中級(jí)美國英語動(dòng)詞不定式（二）
一.本課要點(diǎn)及示例
在這一課里, 我們學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)詞加上賓語再加上動(dòng)詞不定式的用法, 比方 "用信用卡買" use credit cards to buy. "準(zhǔn)許你用" permit you to use 等等, 我們還要談一談美國人怎么用信用卡代替現(xiàn)錢來買東西.
首先我們聽一段對(duì)話,內(nèi)容是說凱特跟亨利談起了用信用卡的事情. 請(qǐng)你注意兩位英文老師的發(fā)音和語調(diào).
F: I am happy I started carrying the credit card that the bank gave us.
M: Why is that, Kate? Did you use it to buy something?
F: I sure did. On the way home I stopped at the store to buy some beef for dinner. I forgot that I didn't have any cash with me.
M: And they permitted you to pay with the card?
F: Yes. They didn't even ask me to give them identification.
M: We have to be careful. If we lose them and someone finds them, the bank will charge us for what they buy.
F: How much has the bank authorized us to spend with the card?
M: Fifteen hundred dollars. The bank encourages us to use the card, but they will also require us to pay them back.
F: You are right, Henry. I'll remember that.But the card sure makes it easy to spend money.
現(xiàn)在我們聽兩位老師用慢速度再把整段對(duì)話再念一遍.
F: I am happy I started carrying the credit card that the bank gave us.
M: Why is that, Kate? Did you use it to buy something?
F: I sure did. On the way home I stopped at the store to buy some beef for dinner. I forgot that I didn't have any cash with me.
M: And they permitted you to pay with the card?
F: Yes. They didn't even ask me to give them identification.
M: We have to be careful. If we lose them and someone finds them, the bank will charge us for what they buy.
F: How much has the bank authorized us to spend with the card?
M: Fifteen hundred dollars. The bank encourages us to use the card, but they will also require us to pay them back.
F: You are right, Henry. I'll remember that.But the card sure makes it easy to spend money.
下面我把對(duì)話里包含了今天要學(xué)的語法的句子挑出來, 請(qǐng)英文老師再念一遍給你聽.
M: Did you use it to buy something?
M: And they permitted you to pay with the card?
F: They didn't ask me to give them identification.
F: How much has the bank authorized us to spend with the card?
M: The bank encourages us to use the card.
M: They will also require us to pay them back.
二.動(dòng)詞加賓語再加動(dòng)詞不定式
聽了上面那些句子, 你可能覺得今天要學(xué)的語法并不難, 不過句子里有些詞匯, 比方 "準(zhǔn)許" permit, "授權(quán)"authorize. "鼓勵(lì)" encourage 等等你或許覺得有點(diǎn)兒生疏. 現(xiàn)在我們作第一組練習(xí), 一方面學(xué)習(xí)語法,一方面記詞匯. 我請(qǐng)英文老師根據(jù)剛才那段對(duì)話念一些句子. 這些句子都跟凱特用信用卡有關(guān)系. 比方 "銀行規(guī)定她必須有儲(chǔ)蓄賬戶." The bank requires her to have a saving account. "銀行可能要她付利息" The bank may ask her to pay interest.等等. 你先注意聽男老師念句子, 然后跟著女老師把句子重復(fù)一遍.
M: The bank allowed Kate to use a credit card.
F: The bank allowed Kate to use a credit card.
M: The bank permitted her to charge with it.
F: The bank permitted her to charge with it.
M: The bank authorized her to spend 15 hundred dollars with it.
F: The bank authorized her to spend 15 hundred dollars with it.
M: The bank requires her to have a saving account.
F: The bank requires her to have a saving account.
M: The bank encourages her to use it.
F: The bank encourages her to use it.
M: The bank will ask her to pay the money back.
F: The bank will ask her to pay the money back.
M: The bank may ask her to pay interest.
F: The bank may ask her to pay interest.
下面我們?cè)僮饕唤M練習(xí)把語法和詞匯重復(fù)練習(xí)一遍. 練習(xí)的作法是老師用疑問詞提出問句, 比方 What did the bank permit Kate to use? 接著老師念一個(gè)詞組, 比方 a credit card, 學(xué)生就用詞組來回答問題, 所以答案就是 The bank permitted Kate to use a credit card. 現(xiàn)在我們開始作練習(xí).在學(xué)生回答問題的時(shí)候請(qǐng)你也一起回答.
M: What did the bank permit Kate to use?
M: a credit card
F: The bank permitted Kate to use a credit card.
M: What did the bank allow her to do with it?
M: charge with it
F: The bank allowed her to charge with it.
M: How much money did the bank authorize her to spend?
M: 15 hundred dollars
F: The bank authorized her to spend 15 hundred dollars.
M: What does the bank require her to have?
M: a saving account
F: The bank requires her to have a saving account.
M: What does the bank encourage her to do?
M: use the credit card
F: The bank encourages her to use the credit card.
M: What will the bank ask her to do?
M: pay the money back
F: The bank will ask her to pay the money back.
M: What may the bank ask her to pay?
M: interest
F: The bank may ask her to pay interest.
從剛才作的練習(xí)里我們可以知道, 在美國如果你在銀行里有儲(chǔ)蓄, 銀行可能給你信用卡代替現(xiàn)款用, 一段時(shí)間之后你才加上利息還清. 下面我們作一組代換練習(xí)看看美國人常常用信用卡買什么東西, 比方買汽油, 買車票, 戲票, 付賬等等. 美國人也用信用卡郵購東西, 也就是 place mail orders, 或是"證明自己的身份 "identify themselves. 現(xiàn)在我們開始作練習(xí). 請(qǐng)你跟著老師把第一個(gè)句子重復(fù)一遍, 然后把老師提出的詞組代換到原來的句子里, 每作完一句就請(qǐng)你聽老師再把句子念一遍.
M: People use credit cards to buy a lot of things.
M: buy clothes
F: People use credit cards to buy clothes.
M: purchase gasoline
F: People use credit cards to purchase gasoline.
M: purchase tickets
F: People use credit cards to purchase tickets.
M: pay bills
F: People use credit cards to pay bills.
M: place mail orders
F: People use credit cards to place mail orders.
M: identify themselves
F: People use credit cards to identify themselves.
下面我們換一個(gè)方式作練習(xí), 一方面復(fù)習(xí)今天教的語法, 一方面再學(xué)一學(xué)信用卡的用途, 比方 "買家具" buy furnitures, "訂雜志" subscribe to magazines,"訂禮物"order gifts 等等.練習(xí)的作法是老師念一個(gè)被動(dòng)語態(tài)句子,請(qǐng)你用 one, o-n-e, one 作主語把句子改成主動(dòng)語態(tài)說出來.下面就是一個(gè)例子:
M: Credit cards can be used to buy expensive things.
F: One can use credit cards to buy expensive things.
現(xiàn)在我們開始作練習(xí), 每作完一句, 老師就把正確答案念給你聽.
M: Credit cards can be used to buy expensive things.
F: One can use credit cards to buy expensive things.
M: Credit cards can be used to buy furnitures.
F: One can use credit cards to buy furnitures.
M: Credit cards can be used to purchase food.
F: One can use credit cards to purchase food.
M: Credit cards can be used to purchase airplane tickets.
F: One can use credit cards to purchase airplane tickets.
M: Credit cards can be used to pay restaurant bills.
F: One can use credit cards to pay restaurant bills.
M: Credit cards can be used to subscribe to magazines.
F: One can use credit cards to subscribe to magazines.
M: Credit cards can be used to order gifts.
F: One can use credit cards to order gifts.
下面我們?cè)僮饕唤M練習(xí), 一方面再學(xué)學(xué)今天這一課的語法, 一方面也可以學(xué)一學(xué)在美國人們用信用卡的種種規(guī)定, 比方有固定收入的人才可以申請(qǐng)信用卡,顧客用信用卡買東西必須在賬單上簽名, 除了銀行,大商店也可以發(fā)信用卡給信用好的顧客等等. 練習(xí)的作法是老師念一個(gè)有從句的被動(dòng)語態(tài)句子, 比方"申請(qǐng)信用卡的人必須交出他們的財(cái)務(wù)方面的資料." People who are applying for a credit card are required to supply their financial information. 請(qǐng)你用商店作主語把句子改成主動(dòng)語態(tài), 所以答案就是 "商店要求申請(qǐng)信用卡的人交出財(cái)務(wù)方面的資料." The store requires people who are applying for a credit card to supply their financial information. 這組練習(xí)里的句子比較長, 請(qǐng)你特別注意聽, 每作完一句, 老師會(huì)念出正確答案給你聽.
M: People who have regular incomes are permitted to apply for a credit card.
F: The store permits people who have regular incomes to apply for a credit card.
M: People who are applying for credit cards are required to supply their financial information.
F: The store requires people who are applying for credit cards to supply their financial information.
M: People who make regular payments are allowed to use credit cards.
F: The store allows people who make regular payments to use credit cards.
M: People who have credit cards are authorized to spend money with them.
F: The store authorizes people who have credit cards to spend money with them.
M: Customers who have credit cards are encouraged to use them.
F: The store encourages customers who have credit cards to use them.
M: Customers who use credit cards are asked to sign the bills.
F: The store asks customers who use credit cards to sign the bills.
三.聽短文回答問題
現(xiàn)在我們來作這一課的聽力測驗(yàn). 今天我們要聽的文章是介紹美國人用信用卡的情況.文章里不但提到什么是信用卡,為什么許多美國人買東西不用現(xiàn)款,不開支票, 而用信用卡, 文章也解釋了用信用卡的種種規(guī)定和信用卡的種種用途. 文章里的詞匯都是我們以前學(xué)過或是剛才練習(xí)過的. 現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你注意聽.
Americans spend a lot of money in their daily lives. Working people spend money on transportation to and from work and on various expenses throughout the day. Americans enjoy shopping and buy many things that they need and want. They spend a lot of money on entertainment. They buy sports equipment, go to sporting events and do many things that cost money. However, many Americans don't pay cash or write checks for these things. More and more they pay for things with credit cards. Credit cards are small, rectangular plastic cards. Banks give these cards to their customers. When the customer buys something at a store, he shows his card at the store. This authorizes the store to charge the bank for the customer's purchase. The bank collects all the charges for each customer. Then once a month the bank requires the customer to pay all the charges for that month. The bank does not force the customer to pay the full amount. It allows the customer to pay for the charges in several payments over a period of time. However, the bank requires the customer to pay interest on the unpaid part of the charges. In this way the bank allows customers to buy things they cannot afford at one time. People can use the card to buy what they want and pay for it over a period of time. They also do not need to carry a lot of money.
剛才那篇文章如果你沒有全部聽懂, 沒有關(guān)系, 等一會(huì)兒你還有機(jī)會(huì)聽. 現(xiàn)在我們先把今天測驗(yàn)的三個(gè)問題聽一遍.
第一個(gè)問題是:
M: How do Americans pay for things they buy?
第二個(gè)問題是:
M: What is a credit card?
第三個(gè)問題是:
M: What are some of the advantages in using credit cards?
現(xiàn)在我請(qǐng)英文老師用慢速度再把整篇文章念一遍.
Americans spend a lot of money in their daily lives. Working people spend money on transportation to and from work and on various expenses throughout the day. Americans enjoy shopping and buy many things that they need and want. They spend a lot of money on entertainment. They buy sports equipment, go to sporting events and do many things that cost money. However, many Americans don't pay cash or write checks for these things. More and more they pay for things with credit cards. Credit cards are small, rectangular plastic cards. Banks give these cards to their customers. When the customer buys something at a store, he shows his card at the store. This authorizes the store to charge the bank for the customer's purchase. The bank collects all the charges for each customer. Then once a month the bank requires the customer to pay all the charges for that month. The bank does not force the customer to pay the full amount. It allows the customer to pay for the charges in several payments over a period of time. However, the bank requires the customer to pay interest on the unpaid part of the charges. In this way the bank allows customers to buy things they cannot afford at one time. People can use the card to buy what they want and pay for it over a period of time. They also do not need to carry a lot of money.
現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你回答下面三個(gè)問題. 每回答一個(gè)問題, 老師就會(huì)念出正確答案給你聽, 讓你作個(gè)比較, 看你答對(duì)了沒有.
第一個(gè)問題是:
M: How do Americans pay for things they buy?
F: They pay cash, write checks or use credit cards.
第二個(gè)問題是:
M: What is a credit card?
F: It is a small rectangular plastic card which is used for money.
第三個(gè)問題是:
M: What are some of the advantages in using credit cards?
F: People can buy things that they cannot afford at one time. They also do not need to carry a lot of money.
