中級美國英語被動語態(tài)/美國婦女運動
一.本課要點及示例
在這一課里, 我們要復習被動語態(tài); 我們也要談一談美國的婦女運動, 學一學有關婦女運動的詞匯.現在我們按照慣例先聽今天這一課的對話, 內容是說亨利跟小女兒琳達談起了婦女就業(yè)的問題. 請你注意聽兩位英文老師的發(fā)音和語調.
F: Dad, did Grandma go to the university when she was young?
M: No, she wasn't encouraged to do that.
F: Why not?
M: Well, at that time it was considered improper for a woman to have a higher education. Grandma got married when she was eighteen and she spent all her life taking care of her husband and the kids.
F: You mean she never had a job?
M: No, women were told that they could not have a family and a career at the same time.
F: Mother could. She has a family and she is also a teacher. Isn't that a career?
M: Yes. Time has changed. Nowadays women are permitted to do things that they were not allowed to do before.
下面老師用慢速度再把整段對話念一遍給你聽.
F: Dad, did Grandma go to the university when she was young?
M: No, she wasn't encouraged to do that.
F: Why not?
M: Well, at that time it was considered improper for a woman to have a higher education. Grandma got married when she was eighteen and she spent all her life taking care of her husband and the kids.
F: You mean she never had a job?
M: No, women were told that they could not have a family and a career at the same time.
F: Mother could. She has a family and she is also a teacher. Isn't that a career?
M: Yes. Time has changed. Nowadays women are permitted to do things that they were not allowed to do before.
現在我把對話里包含被動語態(tài)說法的句子挑出來, 請老師再念一遍給你聽.
M: She wasn't encouraged to do that.
M: It was considered improper for a woman to have a higher education.
M: Women were told that they could not have a family and a career at the same time.
M: Women are permitted to do things that they were not allowed to do before.
二.被動語態(tài)復習
第一組練習的內容是說婦女過去不準作的事情, 比方投票, 擁有土地, 追求事業(yè), 擔任公職等等. 練習的作法是老師用 weren't permitted 作一個句子, 接著老師念一個詞組, 學生就把他聽到的詞組代換到原來的句子里.在學生作練習的時候請你也一起作.
M: Women weren't permitted to vote.
M: own land
F: Women weren't permitted to own land.
M: get a higher education
F: Women weren't permitted to get a higher education.
M: pursue a career
F: Women weren't permitted to pursue a career.
M: practice most professions
F: Women weren't permitted to practice most professions.
M: hold public office
F: Women weren't permitted to hold public office.
M: hold important positions
F: Women weren't permitted to hold important positions.
下面一組練習是把主動語態(tài)跟被動語態(tài)作個比較. 練習的內容還是說到婦女過去不準作的事情. 練習里的詞匯都是我們剛才學過的. 練習的作法是老師用 could not 作一個句子, 學生就用 weren't allowed 把句子改成 被動語態(tài)說出來. 下面就是一個例子:
M:Women could not vote.
F: Women weren't allowed to vote.
現在我們開始作練習, 在學生作句子的時候請你也一起作.
M: Women could not vote.
F: Women weren't allowed to vote.
M: Women could not own land.
F: Women weren't allowed to own land.
M: Women could not get a higher education.
F: Women weren't allowed to get a higher education.
M: Women could not pursue a career.
F: Women weren't allowed to pursue a career.
M: Women could not practice most professions.
F: Women weren't allowed to practice most professions.
M: Women could not hold public office.
F: Women weren't allowed to hold public office.
M: Women could not hold important positions.
F: Women weren't allowed to hold important positions.
下面我們作一組綜合練習, 復習不同時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)句子. 練習的作法是老 師提出一個問題, 比方 "過去女性受男性支配嗎?" Were women dominated by men? 或者 "婦女一直被禁止擔任公職嗎?" Have women been prohibited from holding public office? 接著老師提出一個表明時態(tài)的詞組, 你就把詞組代換到原來的句子里. 首先我們給你舉一個例子,請你注意聽.
M: Were women dominated by men?
M: have been
F: Have women been dominated by men?
M: are being
F: Are women being dominated by men?
M: should be
F: Should women be dominated by men?
現在我們開始作練習. 每作完一句, 老師就會念出正確答案給你聽.
M: Have women been encouraged to pursue a career?
M: were
F: Were women encouraged to pursue a career?
M: are being
F: Are women being encouraged to pursue a career?
M: need to be
F: Do women need to be encouraged to pursue a career?
下面老師換了一個句子.
M: Have women been prohibited from holding public office?
M: are being
F: Are women being prohibited from holding public office?
M: should be
F: Should women be prohibited from holding public office?
M: can be
F: Can women be prohibited from holding public office?
下面老師又換了一個句子.
M: Was it considered improper for a woman to have a profession?
M: has been
F: Has it been considered improper for a woman to have a profession?
M: is
F: Is it considered improper for a woman to have a profession?
M: should be
F: Should it be considered improper for a woman to have a profession?
下面我們再作一組練習比較主動語態(tài)跟被動語態(tài). 練習的作法是老師用主動語態(tài)說出一個句子,比方"社會對婦女加以限制"The society placed restrictions on women. 請你把句子改成被動語態(tài), 并且用 by 指明動作執(zhí)行者, 所以答案就是: Restrictions were placed on women by the society. 在這一組練習里你可以學習到美國婦女過去受到的限制跟他們多年來爭取到的權利; 你也可以練習許多跟婦女運動有關系的詞匯, 比方 "保證" guarantee, "女權運動者"feminists, "支持" support, "男女平等權修正案" the equal rights amendment,"招收" admit 等等.
現在我們開始作練習. 每作完一句就請你聽老師念正確答案.
M: The society placed restrictions on women.
F: Restrictions were placed on women by the society.
M: Men did not respect working women.
F: Working women were not respected by men.
M: The management paid female workers less.
F: Female workers were paid less by the management.
M: Female workers did not hold top positions.
F: Top positions were not held by female workers.
M: Some state laws guaranteed women the right to vote.
F: Women were guaranteed the right to vote by some state laws.
M: Feminists established colleges and universities for women.
F: Colleges and universities were established for women by feminists.
M: These schools admitted female students.
F: Female students were admitted by these schools.
M: Feminists reduced some social restrictions.
F: Some social restrictions were reduced by feminists.
M: A lot of politicians supported the equal rights amendment.
F: The equal rights amendment was supported by a lot of politicians.
M: Some states approved the equal rights amendment.
F: The equal rights amendment was approved by some states.
下面我們再作一組練習, 一方面復習被動語態(tài), 一方面復習剛才學的一些詞匯. 練習的作法是老師用疑問詞提出一個問題, 比方 What was placed on women? 接著老師說: social restrictions, 學生就用老師提出的詞組來回答問題,所以答案就是: Social restrictions were placed on women.
現在我們開始作練習. 在學生回答問題的時候請你也一起回答.
M: What was placed on women?
M: social restrictions
F: Social restrictions were placed on women.
M: Who was paid less?
M: female workers
F: Female workers were paid less.
M: Who was guaranteed the right to vote?
M: both men and women
F: Both men and women were guaranteed the right to vote.
M: What was established for women?
M: colleges and universities
F: Colleges and universities were established for women.
M: What was supported by a lot of politicians?
M: the equal rights amendment
F: The equal rights amendment was supported by a lot of politicians.
M: What was approved by some states?
M: the equal rights amendment
F: The equal rights amendment was approved by some states.
三.聽短文回答問題
今天我們要聽一篇談美國婦女運動的文章. 這篇文章里有許多被動語態(tài)句子,文章里許多詞匯也是我們剛才練習過的.現在請你注意聽.
America has been called a democracy since its independence more than 200 years ago. However, at that time, only men were permitted to vote. Only men could own land and practice most professions. Women could not get a higher education or hold public office. The woman's place was considered to be the home. Working women were not common. They usually had poor jobs and little respect. Through the history of our country, many American women have worked to reduce the restrictions that society placed on them. They have met opposition. Slowly, however, the opportunities for women have increased. Colleges and universities were established for women. Later women were admitted to schools originally established only for men. In the early part of this century, American women were finally allowed to vote. During and since World War II American women have become a considerable part of the American work force. Today, many women in America hold important positions or are pursuing careers that they could not pursue in the past. But many women are dissatisfied with the current situation. They point out that women are often paid less than men for the same work they do. The top positions in nearly all fields are still overwhelmingly held by men. In many ways, a woman's life is still dominated by her father or her husband. Recently women worked to get an amendment to the U.S. Constitution guaranteeing their rights. The equal rights amendment, as it was called, was supported by most congressmen and most states. It did not get the support of two-thirds of the states which is necessary for a constitutional amendment. Nevertheless, the role and the rights of American women is an important concern in the U.S. today.
剛才那篇文章如果你沒有全部聽懂, 沒有關系, 等一會兒你還有機會聽. 現在老師先把今天測驗的三個問題念一遍給你聽.
第一個問題是:
M: How were American women restricted by the society?
第二個問題是:
M: What are some of the things which women are dissatisfied with?
第三個問題是:
M: Are women's rights guaranteed in the U.S. Constitution?
現在老師再用慢速度把整篇文章念一遍. 請你注意聽.
America has been called a democracy since its independence more than 200 years ago. However, at that time, only men were permitted to vote. Only men could own land and practice most professions. Women could not get a higher education or hold public office. The woman's place was considered to be the home. Working women were not common. They usually had poor jobs and little respect. Through the history of our country, many American women have worked to reduce the restrictions that society placed on them. They have met opposition. Slowly, however, the opportunities for women have increased. Colleges and universities were established for women. Later women were admitted to schools originally established only for men. In the early part of this century, American women were finally allowed to vote. During and since World War II American women have become a considerable part of the American work force. Today, many women in America hold important positions or are pursuing careers that they could not pursue in the past. But many women are dissatisfied with the current situation. They point out that women are often paid less than men for the same work they do. The top positions in nearly all fields are still overwhelmingly held by men. In many ways, a woman's life is still dominated by her father or her husband. Recently women worked to get an amendment to the U.S. Constitution guaranteeing their rights. The equal rights amendment, as it was called, was supported by most congressmen and most states. It did not get the support of two-thirds of the states which is necessary for a constitutional amendment. Nevertheless, the role and the rights of American women is an important concern in the U.S. today.
現在請你回答你剛才聽過的三個問題. 每回答一個問題, 老師就會念出正確答案給你聽.
第一個問題是:
M: How were American women restricted by the society?
F: They could not vote, could not own land, could not get a higher education, practice most professions or hold public office.
第二個問題是:
M: What are some of the things which women are dissatisfied with?
F: Some women are paid less, very few women hold top positions, and some women are dominated by men.
第三個問題是:
M: Are women's rights guaranteed in the U.S. Constitution?
F: No, they aren't.
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