Lesson 91 Part I

Lesson 91

Part Ⅰ Warming-up Exercises 

Numbers: University and College Degrees Granted in Specialized Fields 

Training Focus: 

Identifying numbers with two to six digits 

Directions: You are going to hear some statistics about  university and college degrees granted in some specialized  fields in a country. Listen carerfully. Write down the numbers you hear on the tape. 

Key: 

Beginning with the field of Agriculture, we find high domination of the field by  men----with 6.491 men and 250 women earning Bachelor degrees in Agriculture. Next, in the field of Architecture we again find domination by men: 3,021 for  men and 140 for women. Turning to the Biological Sciences we again find  men dominating: 23,107 for men and 8,948 for women. In the field of Business and Commerce the difference is even greater. Men earned 73,165 degrees, while  women earned 7,275 degrees. In the field of Education: men----32,707, women---- 103,141. This is the first field we find that is dominated by women. The field of Engineering, as you might expect, is dominated by men. These statistics repcrt that 37,403 degrees were granted to men and only 211 to women. In English and Journalism men earned 18,323 degrees and women earned 34,166 degrees----a second field in which women lead. In the area of Fine and Applied Arts: men----10,403, women----15,152. Turning to Foreign Languages and Literature wefind still another field dominated by women: men----5,321 degrees and women ----14,201. In the field of Forestry, we find the widest difference yet----men, 1,569 degrees and women, 17. Geography: men----2,051 and women----573. Last we  turn to the Health Professions. In the total for all Health Profession degrees  we find nearly equal numbers of men and women----men; 16,853 and women,  14,533. However, the picture is quite different in the individual health fields:  Dentistry----3,395 men and only 53 women. Medicine----7,353 men and only 634  women. Nursing, which includes Public Health Nursing, 121 men and 9,066  women. And last, Pharmacy----3,385 men and 640 women. 

Lesson 91 Part Ⅱ Education In the United States ( Ⅰ )

Lesson 91 

Part Ⅱ Education In the United States (Ⅰ) 

Ex．

Directions: Complete the outline with the information you hear on the tape. 

Key: Ⅰ. A. the individual states 

B. at the age of five 

C. six years 

D. 1. six years 2. a. geography, government and English language b. foreign languages, advanced mathematics or science, such as  physics or chemistry c. accounting or typing  or other subjects 3. athletic teams / playing  football, basketball or baseball/games, such as  basketball and hockey 

E. sixteen 

Tapescript:

Education In The United States (Ⅰ) (2′24″)

Public schools in the United States are under the control  of the individual states. Sometimes the state hands its control  over to a smaller area, a county or city. 

Most Americans start to school at the age of five when they  enter kindergarten. Children do not really study at this time.  They only attend for half the day and learn what school is like. 

Children attend elementary school for the next six years. They learn to read and write and work with numbers. They also study the world and its people. 

After they leave elementary school, children go to junior  high school for three years and senior high school for another  three years. This is called secondary education. In some  places the children go to elementary school for eight years and  high school for four. At any rate, elementary and secondary  education together take twelve years to complete, excluding  kindergarten. 

In their secondary schooling children get more advanced  knowledge and begin to concentrate on their special interests.  They usually study further in history, geography, government  and English language and literature. They may choose to study foreign languages, advanced mathematics or science,  such as physics or chemistry. Students who plan to go on to  college or professional training must take some of these courses  in order to enter college. Other students who do not intend to  go on with school may take classes in accounting or typing or  other subjects that will help them in the business world. Some senior high schools are vocational. Boys may learn to operate  machines or do other work. Girls may learn cooking, sewing  or office work. 

High schools have athletic teams which play against teams  from other schools. Many boys enjoy playing football, basketball or baseball. These games take place after school hours, Girls also play games, such as basketball and hockey, against  teams from other schools.

In most places in the United States children must attend  school until they are sixteen, or until they finish high school, usually at the age of seventeen or eighteen. Some children who  are not good students drop out of school at the age of sixteen.  This is a growing problem, for it is harder and harder for people  to find work when they have not finished their high school education. 

Lesson 91 Part Ⅲ Education In The United States ( Ⅱ )

Lesson 91

Part Ⅲ Education In The United States (Ⅱ) 

Ex．

Directions: Complete the outline with the information you  hear on the tape.

Key: Ⅱ. A. 1 . connected with churches 2. not religious,  but have small classes and very good teachers 

B. several hundred dollars a year to pay for the cost of the school 

C. for girls only or for boys only 

Ⅲ. A. colleges and universities 

B. 1 . four years / four years 2. a year or two  3. another year or two of study and research 

C. 1 . do not charge much money to residents of  that state 2. charge their students much  more to attend 

D. 1. Most cities have colleges or universities  that hold classes at night. 2. Community  groups often give courses and lectures about  leisure time activities. 3. In many cities,  the secondary school offer classes in adult  education. 

Tapescript:

Education In The United States (Ⅱ) (2′7″)

Public schools are free to all boys and girls, but some parents prefer to send their children to private schools. Some private schools are connected with churches, and children receive religious instruction as well as tleir regular studies.  Other private schools are not religious, but have small classes  and very good teachers so that parents think their children will  get a better education there than in the larger classes of the public schools. These private schools do not receive any tax  money, so most of them must charge the students several hundred dollars a year to pay for the cost of the school. Boys and girls attend the public schools together, but many private schools are for girls only or for boys only. 

Higher education is given in colleges and universities.  The average course is four years. Students choose a “major”  subject and take many courses in this subject. After four years,  they get a bachelor's degree. Then the students may go on to graduate school and with a year or two of further study get a  master's degree. After another year or two of study and research, they may get a still higher degree as doctor of philosophy. Higher education trains people to become teachers, nurses,  engineers, dentists or do other professional work. Lawyers and  doctors must go to school longer than four years. 

Most states have universities that do not charge much  money to residents of that state because public taxes help pay  the cost of the university. Other universities do not have  public money to help them and must charge their students much  more to attend. 

Most cities have colleges or universities that hold classes  at night as well as in the daytime. In this way people who  have to work may attend school at night and work for a degree  or just take a course in a subject that interests them. Community groups often give courses and lectures, usually about  leisure time activities. In many cities, the secondary schools  offer classes in adult education.