如何對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)者進(jìn)行分類

今天的這段對(duì)話，在討論對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)者分類，
 
教學(xué)是一門學(xué)問，如何對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)者進(jìn)行分類
 
來聽今天的講解:
 
A: So Julia, you are a teacher.
 
朱莉婭，你是老師。
 
B: That's right.
 
沒錯(cuò)。
 
A: So I'm going to run a theory by you.
 
我要給你介紹個(gè)理論。
 
B: Okay.
 
好。
 
A. So we were talking about learner types earlier and I actually think I have my own little diagram for motivational types.
 
我們之前談過學(xué)習(xí)者的類型，實(shí)際上我自己按照動(dòng)機(jī)對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)者進(jìn)行了分類。
 
B: Motivation types, okay, that's interesting because I need a handle on motivation.
 
動(dòng)機(jī)類型，好，這很有意思，因?yàn)槲倚枰幚韯?dòng)機(jī)問題。
 
A: So basically I think there's four types of students. I always get four types of students. They're either a player.
 
總的來說，我認(rèn)為有四種學(xué)生。我接觸到的學(xué)生有四種。第一種是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者。
 
B: A player.
 
競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者。
 
A: A pupil, a participant, or a prisoner.
 
然后分別是學(xué)生、參與者和囚禁者。
 
B: A prisoner, a player, a pupil, a participant or a prisoner, okay.
 
囚禁者，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者，學(xué)生，參與者，好。
 
A: Yeah, easy to remember, all P's.
 
很容易記，都是P開頭的單詞。
 
B: All P's, yeah, good system.
 
都是P開關(guān)的單詞，嗯，不錯(cuò)的體系。
 
A: Okay. So a player is a student who loves a subject matter, they study it on their own, even if there wasn't class they would still study it.
 
好。玩家是指喜歡一個(gè)科目，他們會(huì)自己進(jìn)行研究，即使不是課程，他們也會(huì)進(jìn)行研究。
 
B: Okay. Like a natural in a subject maybe?
 
好。就是很自然地喜歡一個(gè)科目？
 
A: It could be natural or like, you know, because we teach English, it would be like a student that loves English, learns English on their own, maybe went and studied overseas. And they're always improving and they kind of take class just to reinforce what they're already learning. But they actually don't like class usually. Often they don't like homework, they don't like tests, they don't like things that really judge their ability. They just want to keep learning and just being around the subject, that's why they're a player, they just want to play. And it would be like if you played a sport, it would be like an athlete who doesn't really want to practice, he just wants to play.
 
可能是這樣，我們教英語(yǔ)，可能有學(xué)生喜歡英語(yǔ)，所以他們會(huì)自學(xué)英語(yǔ)，也許他們會(huì)去海外進(jìn)修英語(yǔ)。這些學(xué)生一直在進(jìn)步，他們聽課可能只是為了鞏固他們學(xué)過的知識(shí)。但實(shí)際上他們并不喜歡上課。通常他們不喜歡寫作業(yè) ，他們也不喜歡測(cè)驗(yàn)，他們不喜歡那些評(píng)判他們能力的事情。他們只是想繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)，只是想繼續(xù)研究那個(gè)科目，所以才稱他們?yōu)橥婕?，因?yàn)樗麄冎皇窍雲(yún)⑴c其中。就像參加體育運(yùn)動(dòng)一樣，有運(yùn)動(dòng)員并不喜歡練習(xí)，他們只是想從事這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)。
 
B: So for the fun of it?
 
為了好玩？
 
A: Yeah.
 
對(duì)。
 
B: Someone who does it just for the sheer enjoyment?
 
只是為了純粹的享受？
 
A: Right. They just want to do it for the enjoyment and for the end result, like they do it and they don't need really someone telling them how good they are. Now, on the flipside you have a pupil. And a pupil would be somebody who loves class, they're a teacher's pet.
 
對(duì)。他們只是為了享受，至于最后的結(jié)果，他們并不需要?jiǎng)e人告訴他們他們有多優(yōu)秀。和這類人相對(duì)的是學(xué)生。他們喜歡上課，他們是老師的寵兒。
 
B: A swot they might call them.
 
這種人被稱為書呆子。
 
A: A swot, oh really, okay.
 
對(duì)，書呆子。
 
Julie: Yeah, a swot is someone who studies hard.
 
書呆子就是那種用功學(xué)習(xí)的人。
 
A: Yeah, exactly.
 
對(duì)，沒錯(cuò)。
 
B: And gets pleasure from studying and the teacher knowing that they've studied and a swot.
 
他們從學(xué)習(xí)中得到快樂，老師知道他們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)，所以他們是書呆子。
 
A: Exactly. A swot, there you go, a new word for me. Not a P, but yeah. They want to sit in the front row, they want to get good grades, they want to stand out. But maybe they actually don't love the subject matter that much, they want to do that at every class.
 
沒錯(cuò)。書呆子，這對(duì)我來說是個(gè)新詞。不是P開頭的單詞。他們想坐在前排，他們想獲得高分，他們想脫穎而出。也許他們并不是太喜歡這個(gè)科目，他們只想在課堂上研究。
 
B: They like being good at it regardless of what it is.
 
不管是什么，他們都希望做到最好。
 
A: Exactly. Exactly. So those are usually the two best students you have, right. You're going to have players who love the subject and pupils who love being a good student.
 
對(duì)，沒錯(cuò)。這是兩種最優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生。一種是喜歡研究科目的玩家，一種是想成為好學(xué)生的學(xué)生。
 
B: And swots.
 
書呆子。
 
A: And swots. And then in the system there's two more. So there's also participants. Now, a participant, they love class but they don't love in the way that a pupil loves class. A participant just loves being with their friends. They love the social aspect of class. They love seeing people they know, they love talking. They love being in a group. And it really doesn't matter what the subject is.
 
書呆子。在我劃分的體系中還有兩類學(xué)生。第三種是參與者。他們喜歡上課，但是他們喜歡上課的程度不及學(xué)生。參與者只是喜歡和朋友待在一起。他們喜歡課堂的社交性。他們喜歡看到他們認(rèn)識(shí)的人，他們喜歡聊天。他們喜歡小組活動(dòng)。課題是什么并不重要。
 
B: Okay.
 
好。
 
A: You know what I mean?
 
你懂我的意思嗎？
 
B: Yeah.
 
我懂。
 
A: Like I think in college I was often a participant, like I would take a class because my friends took the class. So yeah, that's basically, that's a participant.
 
我認(rèn)為我在大學(xué)時(shí)就是參與者，我去上課是因?yàn)槲遗笥褌兌既チ??？梢哉f，這就是參與者。
 
B: Okay, class is time to hang out with your friends.
 
好，課堂是和朋友們一起玩的時(shí)間。
 
A: Exactly, social outlet.
 
沒說，社交圈。
 
B: Do you think they even know what subject it is that they're...
 
你認(rèn)為他們知道他們?cè)趯W(xué)什么嗎？
 
A: Yeah, maybe they don't even care, and exactly, you could change the subject on them, like you know, hey, we're going to do German and they would be like, "Hey, that's cool, as long as we're still together."
 
嗯，也許他們根本不在乎這些，你可以讓他們改變所學(xué)科目，如果你說：“嘿，我們?nèi)W(xué)德語(yǔ)吧”，他們可能會(huì)說：“那太酷了，只要我們還一起上課就行”。
 
B: Well that's nice. And the fourth one?
 
這很好。第四種類型呢？
 
A: Yeah, the last one is the sad one, the prisoner.
 
最后一種類型很可憐，是囚禁者。
 
B: The fourth, like the prisoner, that sounds a little bit scary.
 
第四種就像囚犯一樣，聽起來有點(diǎn)可怕。
 
A: Yeah. The prisoner, the poor prisoner. The prisoner is basically society says they have to take this class. Some authority said, "You have to take the class, you have no choice." It could be the government, it could be their mother, it could be their university curriculum.
 
對(duì)，囚禁者，可憐的囚禁者。這類人是，社會(huì)讓他們必須去上這門課。權(quán)威機(jī)構(gòu)說，“你必須要讓課，你沒有選擇。”可能是政府要求，也可能是他們母親的要求，又或者是他們所上大學(xué)的課程設(shè)置。
 
B: So there's like a mandatory subject that they don't really want to do?
 
類似必修課，可是他們并不想上這門課？
 
A: Exactly. If they had the choice to opt out, they would opt out in a heartbeat. If you said, "Hey, you know what, if you want you do not have to take this class, you do not have to show up every day, everything's fine, it's cool." They wouldn't show up. So basically they're a prisoner, you know. And a prisoner doesn't actually mean that they're a bad student. They could actually be an A student, and it doesn't mean that they have a bad attitude, they could be very polite, but they just ... they really don't want to take that subject, they're stuck doing it and there's just no getting out of it.
 
沒錯(cuò)。如果他們可以選擇退課，那他們可能會(huì)馬上退選這門課。如果你說：“嘿，如果你不想上這門課，那你不用每天都來上課，這完全沒問題，沒關(guān)系。”那他們肯定不會(huì)來上課了。他們就像囚禁者一樣。這并不是說他們是壞學(xué)生。他們也可能是優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生，這也不能說明他們態(tài)度不好，他們可能很有禮貌，他們只是不想學(xué)這門課，他們只是被迫來上課，沒辦法脫離。