聯(lián)合王國(guó)的政治環(huán)境怎么樣

今天的這段對(duì)話，在討論政治，
 
每個(gè)國(guó)家的政治環(huán)境都不一樣，聯(lián)合王國(guó)的政治環(huán)境怎么樣
 
來(lái)聽(tīng)今天的講解:
 
A: So, Shirley, we were talking about politics. How is the situation in your country?
 
雪莉，我們來(lái)談?wù)務(wù)巍Ｄ銈儑?guó)家的政治環(huán)境怎么樣？
 
B: Well, you know I'm pretty much an on-the-fence kind of person and politics is not my forte. It's not something I like to get into a conversation about, so I'll just change the subject if that's alright. I'd like to tell you a bit about the United Kingdom. You know, I'm from Scotland and, you know, where is Scotland. I get this question so often. Is that in Norway? Is it a region of England? So just to clarify, it's a bit complicated, but in the United Kingdom — the U.K — we have Scotland, England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and then people know Great Britain.
 
你知道我是一個(gè)非常中立的人，政治不是我的專長(zhǎng)。這是我不太想聊的話題，如果可以的話我想改變一下談話主題。我想和你說(shuō)說(shuō)聯(lián)合王國(guó)。我來(lái)自蘇格蘭，你知道蘇格蘭在哪里嗎？經(jīng)常有人問(wèn)我這個(gè)問(wèn)題，是在挪威嗎？是英格蘭的一個(gè)地區(qū)嗎？要想說(shuō)清楚可能有點(diǎn)兒復(fù)雜，聯(lián)合王國(guó)包括蘇格蘭、英格蘭、威爾士和北愛(ài)爾蘭，一般人們都知道大不列顛。
 
A: Yes, so I do.
 
對(duì)，我也是。
 
B: Great Britain is Scotland, England and Wales. To give the country it's full title, it's the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Norther Ireland. That's the full titl for the U.K. or Great Britain or GB, or England is just one country within four that are united. It sounds really complicated.
 
大不列顛包括蘇格蘭、英格蘭和威爾士。所以國(guó)家的全稱是大不列顛及愛(ài)爾蘭聯(lián)合王國(guó)。這是英國(guó)或者說(shuō)大不列顛的全稱，英格蘭只是四個(gè)聯(lián)合王國(guó)的其中一個(gè)。聽(tīng)起來(lái)是有點(diǎn)兒復(fù)雜。
 
A: Right, it's the biggest one right?
 
好，英格蘭是最大的，對(duì)吧？
 
B: England is the biggest country with a population of forty million. Scotland's about five million. Now, I correct myself. England is I think 49 million. Wales is about two million. Northern Ireland about two or three million, so in total the whole of the United Kingdom is about sixty million population. How did that come about? Go back three hundred years or more even. England and Wales united over three hundred years ago and then Scotland was invited to join the union between England and Wales. Scotland agreed with actually many conditions. For example, one of the conditions was the money, the value of the pound. In Scotland, we have the Bank of Scotland pounds, and in England, it's Bank of England pounds. It's all the same sterling currency of the U.K. And it's very difficult in England to spend any money that's got Bank of Scotland written on it, even though it's all the same money. Anyway, that's another issue. So, yeah, three hundred years ago, Scotland joined the union between England and Wales to become Great Britain and then I think early in the 1800's that's when Ireland joined. Of course now it's just Northern Ireland, and there's other history related to that. We could go on all day talking about how it became Northern Ireland. So yeah, so when people think of the U.K., they generally think the U.K. is England, but it's actually four countries.
 
英格蘭是最大的王國(guó)，人口有4000萬(wàn)。蘇格蘭有500萬(wàn)人口。我要糾正一下，我想英格蘭的人口大概是4900萬(wàn)。威爾士的人口約為200萬(wàn)。北愛(ài)爾蘭的人口為200萬(wàn)或300萬(wàn)，所以聯(lián)合王國(guó)的總?cè)丝诩s有6000萬(wàn)人。聯(lián)合王國(guó)是怎么形成的？這要追溯至300年前，甚至是更久之前。英格蘭和威爾士在300年前合并，然后蘇格蘭加入英格蘭和威爾士的合并王國(guó)。蘇格蘭同意了許多條件。其中一個(gè)條件是貨幣，英鎊的價(jià)值。我們蘇格蘭用的是蘇格蘭銀行發(fā)行的英磅，而英格蘭用的是英格蘭銀行發(fā)行的英鎊。在英國(guó)這兩種英鎊的匯率是一樣的。不過(guò)很難在英格蘭使用蘇格蘭銀行發(fā)行的英鎊，雖然是同一種貨幣。這是另一個(gè)問(wèn)題。300年前，蘇格蘭加入了英格蘭和威爾士的合并王國(guó)，組成大不列顛，然后大概在19世紀(jì)早期，愛(ài)爾蘭加入進(jìn)來(lái)?，F(xiàn)在只是北愛(ài)爾蘭，這是另一部分歷史。如果要講清楚為什么現(xiàn)在只是北愛(ài)爾蘭在聯(lián)合王國(guó)里，那我們可能得說(shuō)上一整天了。當(dāng)提到英國(guó)時(shí)，人們一般認(rèn)為英國(guó)就是英格蘭，但其實(shí)一共有四個(gè)國(guó)家。