在耶魯為什么采用抽簽的方式來管理日?；顒?/span>
在耶魯為什么采用抽簽的方式來管理日?；顒?/h1>
https://online2.tingclass.net/lesson/shi0529/0007/7579/在耶魯為什么采用抽簽的方式來管理日?；顒?mp3
https://image.tingclass.net/statics/js/2012
今天的這段對話，在討論抽簽，
在耶魯為什么采用抽簽的方式來管理日?；顒?br />
來聽今天的講解:
A:Hi, Sheldon, Something good? Tell me, you have it on your face.
嗨，謝爾登，有什么好事？快告訴我，你臉上寫著呢。
B:Oh, really? I can keep nothing from you. Professor Larry from lecture next week at Yale and I am very lucky to have a chance to dinner. You know, he is famous as a proponent of reduced legal restrictions on copyright and trademark which I am greatly for. I admire him very much and look forward to the week coming up.
哦，是嗎？真是什么事都瞞不過你。斯坦福大學的拉里教授下周要來耶魯作演講， 我很幸運能有機會參加為他舉辦的接待晚宴。你知道，他積極倡導放寬對版杈和商標的法律限制，對此我十分贊成。我特別敬仰他，真希望下固快點到來。
A:Yeah, It is a great treat for you to do this. How could you make it?
對你來說還真是件樂事。你怎么做到的?。?br />
B:I got it because of my good luck. Actually each student at Yale has such chance but not everyone is as lucky as I am. Only 12 students are required so we resorted to the lottery to decide who can get the chance.
因為我運氣好啊。實際上，耶魯?shù)拿课煌瑢W都有機會，可不是每個人都像我這么幸運啊。因為只需要12名同學，所以我們就用抽簽的方式來決定讓誰去。
A: So it is fair to everyone and no one will complain about the result when they lose the chance. I think it is a very good idea.
這樣的話對每個人都很公平，即使失去這個機會也不會有人對結果不滿了。這個主意不錨啊。
B:I like it too. When you are at Yale, you will find lottery are the most common way to deal with the daily life.
我也欣賞這種方式。在耶魯，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)抽簽是管理日?；顒拥淖钇毡榈囊环N方法。
A:Then it makes no difference between students and each one is treated at the same level. As a result, the discrimination can not find the way any more.
抽簽使同學間設有差別，每個人都得到公平的對待。如此一來，歧視的思想也就站不住腳了。
B:Exactly. To some extent, the lottery lives up to the Yale spirit. That is to pursue freedom and independence which Yale advocates so much. They are also regarded as the soul of the Yale spirit, from which we can see Yale pays much attention to individual’s right.
的確。某種程度上講，抽簽的方法符含耶魯極力推崇的自由、獨立的精神。抽簽 還被認為是這一精神的靈魂，可見耶魯多么重視個人權利啊。
A:Good point. So every student feels free to do what they like without any discrimination.
說得好。這樣，每個人都可以不受別人歧視而做些自己喜歡的事了。
B:Yeah. In the shadow of Yale spirit, lottery becomes a popular way to do things like that. For example, we hold a draw to arrange students，dormitory in order to see that the arrangement is fair to everyone since there are dormitories of different levels and everyone is eager for⑦ a comfortable and agreeable room.
沒錯。在耶魯精神的影響下，抽簽成為一種深受歡迎的方法。比方說，在分配學 生宿舍的問題上，每個人都想要個舒服滿意的房間，而房間卻良莠不齊。所以， 我們就釆用抽簽的方式做到公平含理。
A:So everyone has equal opportunity. It creates good environment to develop democratic spirits.
這樣每個人的機會都是均等的，有利于民主精神的發(fā)展。
B:Right. Speaking of this, Yale attaches great importance to a free academic environment, which, in turn, contributes a lot to a high-qualified education. At Yale, all the professors, whether young or senior, Nobel winners or Pulitzer winners, have the obligation to give lectures to undergraduates.
對。說到這個，耶魯十分重視自由民主的學術氛圍，這反過來有利于教學質(zhì)量的 提高。在耶魯，不管是年輕教授還是資深教授，是諾貝爾獎獲得者還是普利策獎 獲得者，都有義務為本科生上課。
A:I like the democratic atmosphere there.
我喜歡那里的民主精神。
B:Yeah. There is another organism of management that shares a lot in common with lottery. Every graduate at Law school has a study of his own. It is arranged in the order of one’s family name. One whose family name is in front of the Alphabet can only get a small one. Everyone is equal here.
還有一種管理機制和抽簽很像：法學院的每位研究生都有自己的小書房。這是按 照各自姓氏的首字母在字母表中的順序來分的，排在前面的同學分到的房間就比 較小。每個人都很公平。
A:There is a careful consideration behind a simple way.
看來這一簡單方法的背后還是經(jīng)過了決策者們深思熟慮的啊。
B:You’re right. The democratic spirit is reflected in all aspects at Yale. Do you know how we elect members for the Student Council?
對。耶魯?shù)拿裰骶穹从吃诜椒矫婷?。你知道我們怎么競選學生委員會成員嗎？
A:It must be the lottery, I guess.
我猜還是抽簽吧。
B:You got it. At Yale, the Student Council presides over checkups of the recruiting policy as well as affairs in admitting procedures. It will be a great honor to become one of them. However, the way of competition fails to work because at Yale, it is the lottery that has the conn.
對了。學生委員會負責審查研究生招生政策和錄取程序方面的事務；如果能夠成 為其中一員，將是件很光榮的事。然而，競爭的辦法不靈了，抽簽說了算。
A:It seems that under such case there is no possibility for personal influence.
這樣，就不會存在人為因素的影響了。
B:Yeah. The lottery excludes the personal influence on some decisions, so everyone is equal in that case.
是的。抽簽的方法排除了人為因素對決策的影響，所以大家都是平等的。
A:It sounds marvelous!
好極了。
B:Now you know why I said it was good luck that brought me the chance to receive professor Larry next week. When the news first came to us, most of my fellow students were keen on this job but only those lucky dogs 6) could get it. It is up to the lottery here. I am very lucky, uh?
現(xiàn)在，你知道我為什么說是好運帶綰我這個機會了吧。消息傳出之后，好多人都 希望得到這個機會，但只有那些抽到簽的幸運兒才能去。我很幸運吧？
A:Yes, you’re a lucky dog. It sounds that the good luck is so important at Yale.
是的，你是幸運兒。聽起來，在耶魯還真得運氣好才行啊。
B:Sometimes. Lottery plays an important role in making decisions. For one thing, it assures that each student enjoys equal chances. For another, it reflects the Yale spirit which permeates through all aspects of Yale and develops a free and democratic atmosphere.
有時候是的。抽簽在做一些決定的時候還是起著很大作用的。一方面，它確保每 位同學享有平等的機會。另一方面，它也反映了滲透于耶魯各個方面的耶魯精神, 養(yǎng)成一種自由而民主的氛圍。
A:Lottery is one of the most convincing way and people embrace the result with pleasure.
抽簽是最有說服力的方式之一，人們也會欣然接受抽簽的結果。
B:I am for it.
是的。
在耶魯為什么采用抽簽的方式來管理日?；顒?br />
來聽今天的講解:
A:Hi, Sheldon, Something good? Tell me, you have it on your face.
嗨，謝爾登，有什么好事？快告訴我，你臉上寫著呢。
B:Oh, really? I can keep nothing from you. Professor Larry from lecture next week at Yale and I am very lucky to have a chance to dinner. You know, he is famous as a proponent of reduced legal restrictions on copyright and trademark which I am greatly for. I admire him very much and look forward to the week coming up.
哦，是嗎？真是什么事都瞞不過你。斯坦福大學的拉里教授下周要來耶魯作演講， 我很幸運能有機會參加為他舉辦的接待晚宴。你知道，他積極倡導放寬對版杈和商標的法律限制，對此我十分贊成。我特別敬仰他，真希望下固快點到來。
A:Yeah, It is a great treat for you to do this. How could you make it?
對你來說還真是件樂事。你怎么做到的?。?br />
B:I got it because of my good luck. Actually each student at Yale has such chance but not everyone is as lucky as I am. Only 12 students are required so we resorted to the lottery to decide who can get the chance.
因為我運氣好啊。實際上，耶魯?shù)拿课煌瑢W都有機會，可不是每個人都像我這么幸運啊。因為只需要12名同學，所以我們就用抽簽的方式來決定讓誰去。
A: So it is fair to everyone and no one will complain about the result when they lose the chance. I think it is a very good idea.
這樣的話對每個人都很公平，即使失去這個機會也不會有人對結果不滿了。這個主意不錨啊。
B:I like it too. When you are at Yale, you will find lottery are the most common way to deal with the daily life.
我也欣賞這種方式。在耶魯，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)抽簽是管理日?；顒拥淖钇毡榈囊环N方法。
A:Then it makes no difference between students and each one is treated at the same level. As a result, the discrimination can not find the way any more.
抽簽使同學間設有差別，每個人都得到公平的對待。如此一來，歧視的思想也就站不住腳了。
B:Exactly. To some extent, the lottery lives up to the Yale spirit. That is to pursue freedom and independence which Yale advocates so much. They are also regarded as the soul of the Yale spirit, from which we can see Yale pays much attention to individual’s right.
的確。某種程度上講，抽簽的方法符含耶魯極力推崇的自由、獨立的精神。抽簽 還被認為是這一精神的靈魂，可見耶魯多么重視個人權利啊。
A:Good point. So every student feels free to do what they like without any discrimination.
說得好。這樣，每個人都可以不受別人歧視而做些自己喜歡的事了。
B:Yeah. In the shadow of Yale spirit, lottery becomes a popular way to do things like that. For example, we hold a draw to arrange students，dormitory in order to see that the arrangement is fair to everyone since there are dormitories of different levels and everyone is eager for⑦ a comfortable and agreeable room.
沒錯。在耶魯精神的影響下，抽簽成為一種深受歡迎的方法。比方說，在分配學 生宿舍的問題上，每個人都想要個舒服滿意的房間，而房間卻良莠不齊。所以， 我們就釆用抽簽的方式做到公平含理。
A:So everyone has equal opportunity. It creates good environment to develop democratic spirits.
這樣每個人的機會都是均等的，有利于民主精神的發(fā)展。
B:Right. Speaking of this, Yale attaches great importance to a free academic environment, which, in turn, contributes a lot to a high-qualified education. At Yale, all the professors, whether young or senior, Nobel winners or Pulitzer winners, have the obligation to give lectures to undergraduates.
對。說到這個，耶魯十分重視自由民主的學術氛圍，這反過來有利于教學質(zhì)量的 提高。在耶魯，不管是年輕教授還是資深教授，是諾貝爾獎獲得者還是普利策獎 獲得者，都有義務為本科生上課。
A:I like the democratic atmosphere there.
我喜歡那里的民主精神。
B:Yeah. There is another organism of management that shares a lot in common with lottery. Every graduate at Law school has a study of his own. It is arranged in the order of one’s family name. One whose family name is in front of the Alphabet can only get a small one. Everyone is equal here.
還有一種管理機制和抽簽很像：法學院的每位研究生都有自己的小書房。這是按 照各自姓氏的首字母在字母表中的順序來分的，排在前面的同學分到的房間就比 較小。每個人都很公平。
A:There is a careful consideration behind a simple way.
看來這一簡單方法的背后還是經(jīng)過了決策者們深思熟慮的啊。
B:You’re right. The democratic spirit is reflected in all aspects at Yale. Do you know how we elect members for the Student Council?
對。耶魯?shù)拿裰骶穹从吃诜椒矫婷?。你知道我們怎么競選學生委員會成員嗎？
A:It must be the lottery, I guess.
我猜還是抽簽吧。
B:You got it. At Yale, the Student Council presides over checkups of the recruiting policy as well as affairs in admitting procedures. It will be a great honor to become one of them. However, the way of competition fails to work because at Yale, it is the lottery that has the conn.
對了。學生委員會負責審查研究生招生政策和錄取程序方面的事務；如果能夠成 為其中一員，將是件很光榮的事。然而，競爭的辦法不靈了，抽簽說了算。
A:It seems that under such case there is no possibility for personal influence.
這樣，就不會存在人為因素的影響了。
B:Yeah. The lottery excludes the personal influence on some decisions, so everyone is equal in that case.
是的。抽簽的方法排除了人為因素對決策的影響，所以大家都是平等的。
A:It sounds marvelous!
好極了。
B:Now you know why I said it was good luck that brought me the chance to receive professor Larry next week. When the news first came to us, most of my fellow students were keen on this job but only those lucky dogs 6) could get it. It is up to the lottery here. I am very lucky, uh?
現(xiàn)在，你知道我為什么說是好運帶綰我這個機會了吧。消息傳出之后，好多人都 希望得到這個機會，但只有那些抽到簽的幸運兒才能去。我很幸運吧？
A:Yes, you’re a lucky dog. It sounds that the good luck is so important at Yale.
是的，你是幸運兒。聽起來，在耶魯還真得運氣好才行啊。
B:Sometimes. Lottery plays an important role in making decisions. For one thing, it assures that each student enjoys equal chances. For another, it reflects the Yale spirit which permeates through all aspects of Yale and develops a free and democratic atmosphere.
有時候是的。抽簽在做一些決定的時候還是起著很大作用的。一方面，它確保每 位同學享有平等的機會。另一方面，它也反映了滲透于耶魯各個方面的耶魯精神, 養(yǎng)成一種自由而民主的氛圍。
A:Lottery is one of the most convincing way and people embrace the result with pleasure.
抽簽是最有說服力的方式之一，人們也會欣然接受抽簽的結果。
B:I am for it.
是的。
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