聊一聊澳大利亞的土著居民，很久以前土著居民都是怎么生活的

今天的這段對話，在討論澳大利亞的土著居民，
 
聊一聊澳大利亞的土著居民，很久以前土著居民都是怎么生活的
 
來聽今天的講解:
 
A: I'm writing a paper on early civilisations, I've decided to focus on the Australian aborignies.
 
我在寫一篇有關(guān)早期文明的論文, 我已經(jīng)決定重點(diǎn)寫澳大利亞的土著居民.
 
B: Sounds good. I'd love to do some extra reading on this topic.
 
就這個(gè)話題我也想多讀點(diǎn)東西了解一下。
 
A: I'm not sure exactly what to write.
 
我不知道到底該寫些什么。
 
B: Let's begin at the beginning. Australia may well be the home of the world's first people. Stone tools discovered ib 1971 show that humans lived in Australia at least twelve thousand years before they appared in Europe.
 
那就從頭說起吧. 澳大利亞很可能是世界上最早一批人類的家園. 1971年發(fā)現(xiàn)的石器表明人類在澳洲出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間比在歐洲至少早上12,000年。
 
A: I read that so far three early sites have been discovered in Australia, the Penrith one being dated about forty-seven thousand years old, a Western Australian site forty thousand years old and another in Lake Mungo, New South Wales, thirty-five thousand years old.
 
我也從書上讀到過， 說至今在澳大利亞發(fā)現(xiàn)的3個(gè)早期遺址中, 彭羅斯大概有47,000年的歷史， 澳大利亞西部的一個(gè)遺址也有40,000多年歷史, 而另外一個(gè)位于新南威爾士芒戈湖的遺址也有35,000年的歷史.
 
B: That means there have been in excess of 1,850 generations of aboriginals!!
 
也就是說生活在澳大利亞的原始居民已超過了1,850代!!
 
A: I never thought of it that way. Let's look at their culture, too. More than 30,000 years ago the population of the world was small, and people lived in family groups, hunting, fishing and food gathering.
 
我從來沒有那樣想過。 我們再來看看他們的文化吧. 大約30,000年前，世界的人口總數(shù)還很少，人們都是以家庭為單位, 一起打獵、捕魚和采集食物。
 
B: At that time there were no cultivated crops, animals were not herded for food and metalworking was yet to be discovered.
 
當(dāng)時(shí)人們還沒有種植農(nóng)作物，也沒有圈養(yǎng)動物來獲取食物，金屬加工業(yè)也還沒有發(fā)展。
 
A: Life must have been very different back then. At that time, known as the last great Ice Age, Australia was joined to New Guinea.
 
那時(shí)生活肯定很艱苦。當(dāng)時(shí)正好是最后一次大冰川時(shí)代，澳大利亞和新幾內(nèi)亞還連在一起。
 
B: So, they must have journeyed across the ice. As the ice flows of the Ice Age began to melt, the sea level rose, isolating Austalia.
 
所以他們肯定是從冰上走過去的。后來由于冰川時(shí)代冰河的溶化，海平面上升，把澳大利亞與其他地方隔離開來了。
 
A: They were stuck there, with no way to go back home. So, they made Australia their new home.
 
他們被困在了那里，找不到回家的路，于是就把澳大利亞當(dāng)成了自己的新家。
 
B: The first Aboriginals found an Australia with a better environment than today. Large animals, now extinct, provided more meat than the animals with which we are familiar.
 
第一批土著居民所發(fā)現(xiàn)的澳大利亞環(huán)境比今天的要好。而且，與我們今天所熟悉的動物相比，那些已經(jīng)滅絕的大型動物能給他們提供更多的肉食。
 
A: Some parts of the continent were richer in vegetable foods, but the land contained no cultivated crops, or animals that could be domesticated, such as cattle and sheep.
 
大陸有些地區(qū)有較豐富的植物可食用，但那時(shí)沒有人在這片土地上種植莊稼。這里也沒有能被家養(yǎng)的動物，比如牛和羊。
 
B: Did you know they even have their own flag? It's divided horizontally into two equal halves of black ( top ) and red ( bottom ), with a yellow circle in the centre.
 
你知道嗎？土著人還有自己的旗幟。旗子被分為均等的兩部分，上面是黑色，下面是紅色，中間是一個(gè)黃色的圓圈。
 
A: Yes, it's flown or displayed permanently at aboriginal centers throughout Australia.
 
是的，這種旗幟在遍布澳大利亞的土著人中心陳列著，永遠(yuǎn)飄揚(yáng)。