英語聽力文摘 胎兒能聽到什么？

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What a Fetus Hears

醫(yī)學(xué)界認(rèn)定胎兒在孕期十六周即有完好的觸覺和味覺。十八周的的胎兒對光已經(jīng)會產(chǎn)生反應(yīng)。二十周的胎兒則發(fā)展出聽覺，此時的胎兒并有做夢、記憶和思考的能力。就是說，除去了生理上的發(fā)展成長外，胎兒的心靈和靈性在生產(chǎn)前已經(jīng)開始醞釀和培養(yǎng)了。在胎兒二十至二十二周開如胎教已經(jīng)可行了。4個月的胎兒就有了聽覺。6個月時胎兒的聽力幾乎和成人相等。外界的聲音都可以傳到子宮里。但胎兒對500-1500赫茲的聲音感覺比較舒服，喜歡聽節(jié)奏平緩、流暢、柔和的音樂，討厭強快節(jié)奏的“迪斯科”，更害怕各種能致命的噪音。 8個月的胎兒能夠區(qū)別聲音的種類，聽出音調(diào)的高低、強弱，能分辨出是爸爸還是媽媽在講話。

Did you ever do this when you were young: Dive to the bottom of a swimming pool with a friend, then have your friend yell a phrase into the water?

You listen to the phrase all low and garbled, then try to guess what it was. This low, muffled, underwater noise is how the world would sound if you were inside a womb.

Researchers have placed tiny microphones inside a pregnant woman’s uterus. They found that outside noises became much lower and muffled, and about thirty decibels quieter. Do these noises just wash around the fetus like so much amniotic fluid, or can the fetus actually hear them?

Actually, after twenty eight weeks a fetus begins to hear the internal sounds of its mother’s body–the rush of blood and the rumble of the digestive system. By the third trimester, the fetus can respond to external noises too. As many expectant mothers know, a sudden car horn can start a fetus kicking.

Not only can fetuses hear outside noises, they sometimes remember what they’ve heard. One study found that infants who repeatedly heard a soap opera theme song in the womb reacted positively when they heard that same music after birth.

Perhaps this ability to remember helps a newborn recognize its mother’s voice. A fetus can’t hear specific words or intonation–these are too muffled. Instead, they remember the rhythm of their mothers’ voices. To check this out, researchers gave newborns a special nipple rigged to a tape recorder. By changing the way they sucked, these infants could modify the cadence of a prerecorded voice. Eighty percent of these newborns sucked in the way that produced a voice with their mother’s specific rhythm.

譯文：

你年輕的時候有沒有這樣做過呢?與朋友一起潛入游泳池底部，然后讓你的朋友在水中沖你喊一句話。

你聽到模糊不清的句子，然后努力猜測那是什么。這種沉悶的水下聲音就如你在還在子宮時能聽得到的聲音。

研究人員在孕婦的子宮體內(nèi)安置了一個微型麥克風(fēng)，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)外界的聲音變得更小更低沉，安靜了大概30分貝。這些聲音只是像羊水那樣環(huán)繞在子宮周圍?還是胎兒能夠聽到它們?

事實上，28周后胎兒開始聽到母親體內(nèi)的聲音-血液流淌聲和消化系統(tǒng)的隆隆聲。到了妊娠晚期，胎兒也能對外界的聲音有反應(yīng)。就如許多準(zhǔn)媽媽知道的那樣，突如其來的汽車?yán)嚷曇材芤鹛旱奶邉印?/p>

胎兒不僅能夠聽到外界的聲音，他們有時也會記住他們所聽到的。一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，嬰兒出生后，會對在子宮里反復(fù)聽到的肥皂劇的主題曲做出積極的反應(yīng)。

或許這種記憶能力幫助一個新生兒認(rèn)出母親的聲音。胎兒不能聽到具體的詞或者聲調(diào)-這些都太低沉了。相反地，他們記得住母親聲音的節(jié)奏。為了驗證這一點，研究人員給了新生兒一個特殊的與錄音機相連的奶嘴。通過變換他們吸允的方式，這些嬰兒能夠改變預(yù)先錄制的語音節(jié)奏。百分之八十的新生兒吸吮時的聲音與母親聲音的特定節(jié)奏一致。