英語聽力文摘 你家有“鼻涕蟲”嗎？

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流鼻涕

As anyone who’s had a toddler knows, they’re incredibly demanding creatures. Armed with an insatiable desire to eat and/or destroy just about everything in their path, these walking embodiments of unchecked ego can be a handful. Especially when they have colds. There’s nothing quite as trying as a toddler with a head cold, stuffed up nose, and ever present rivers of mucus flowing from each nostril.

Because most toddlers can’t blow their own noses, the constant wiping and suctioning can be a chore. But runny noses serve a useful purpose. When we catch a cold, the virus stimulates membranes in the nose to produce clear mucus. When mucus streams out the nostrils or is propelled by a forceful blow, it carries germs from the nose and sinuses. When the body’s immune system starts to fight the cold virus, it turns the mucus white or yellow, which is the body’s way of letting you know it’s been infected.

Unfortunately, there’s no quick and easy way to dry up a toddler’s runny nose. Although anti-histamines may stop the drainage, they can also clog up the nose and keep the mucus from draining away germs.

A runny nose can become a sign of a more serious infection such as sinusitis, an upper respiratory infection. But nasal discharge can continue for several days and even weeks without necessarily indicating sinusitis. It’s best to let a doctor diagnose a respiratory infection rather than self-administer antibiotics on a hunch. Overusing antibiotics can create resistant strains of germs, which then require even stronger and more expensive antibiotics. So in the case of a long-running nose, it’s best to let each nose run its course.

家里有剛學會走路的小孩子都知道他們需求量很大。貪求無厭地要吃東西或是破壞面前的任何物品，這些不受管束的“小東西”非常難控制。特別的當他們感冒的時候。當蹣跚走路的小孩患上傷風，鼻子不通，兩個鼻孔就像河流一樣流出粘液。

因為大多數(shù)小孩都不能自己擤鼻涕，不斷地擦拭和吸入可是件苦差事。但是流鼻涕也是有益處的。當我們感冒的時候，鼻子里的病毒刺激細胞膜產(chǎn)生清水。粘液流出鼻孔或是通過外力流出的同時會帶出鼻子和鼻竇里的病菌。身體的免疫系統(tǒng)與感冒病毒抗擊時，粘液呈黃色或白色，這就是你被病毒感染身體表現(xiàn)出的征兆。

可惜現(xiàn)在還沒有一種簡單快速的方法解決小孩流鼻涕。盡管抗組胺能夠阻止流鼻水，但也可能阻塞鼻子，細菌粘液便無法排出。

流鼻涕也可能是更嚴重的感染的跡象，如鼻竇炎，上呼吸道感染。但是，鼻涕持續(xù)數(shù)天甚至數(shù)周，就不一定是鼻竇炎。最好是求醫(yī)診斷而不要憑預感自己給藥抗生素之類的。過度使用抗生素會增強細菌的抵抗力，那樣會導致患者需要藥性更強，價格更貴的抗生素來醫(yī)治。因此在長期流鼻涕的情況下，最好不管它。