如何在雅思閱讀中用代詞解題

以劍橋雅思4的TEST1的passage2的一個(gè)填空題為例：

題目：Nerves linked to their_______are underdeveloped.

原文：Similarly, although at least some cetaceans have taste buds, the nerves serving these have degenerated or are rudimentary.

解析：原文的意思是盡管有些鯨魚有味蕾，但與之服務(wù)的神經(jīng)已經(jīng)退化了。在這個(gè)句子中these指代前面的taste buds，serving改為了linked.

以劍橋7的TEST1的passage3的一個(gè)判斷題為例：

題目：In the follow-up class, the teaching activities are similar to those used in conventional classes.

原文：Some hours after the two-part session, there is a follow-up class at which the students are stimulated to recall the material presented. Once again the approach is inderect. The students do not focus their attention on trying to remember the vocabulary, but focus on using the language to communicate (e.g. through games or improvised dramatizations). Such methods are not unusual in language teaching.

解析：兩個(gè)部分結(jié)束后幾個(gè)小時(shí)，有一個(gè)后續(xù)課程，學(xué)生被刺激要回想這些材料，又一次，方法是見(jiàn)解的，學(xué)生并不吧注意力集中到努力記單詞上，而是聚焦于使用語(yǔ)言交流(通過(guò)游戲還有即興小品)，這些方法在語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)中很普遍。Such methods要指代名詞復(fù)數(shù)，前面只有g(shù)ames or improvised dramatizations是復(fù)數(shù)，而這兩個(gè)都是教學(xué)活動(dòng)，對(duì)應(yīng)的是判斷題題干的teaching activities，similar對(duì)應(yīng)的是題干的not unusual，本題考察指代和雙重否定，出題水平很高。

另以劍橋6的TEST1的passage2的一個(gè)判斷題為例：

題目：“International trade is increasing at a great rate than the world economy.”

原文：“International trade is growing at a startling pace. While the global economy has been expanding at a bit over 3% a year, the volume of trade has been rising at a compound annual rate of about twice that.”

解析：國(guó)際貿(mào)易正在以驚人的速度在增長(zhǎng)。同時(shí)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)正在以每年3%多一點(diǎn)的速度在擴(kuò)張，貿(mào)易量的年度增長(zhǎng)率是世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的兩倍。最后一個(gè)單詞that指代前面的名詞economy，能不能迅速看出指代的內(nèi)容直接影響到題目的答案判斷。

以劍橋6的TEST4的passage2的一個(gè)選詞填空為例：

題目：“As a result, factors such as family wealth and attitudes to children have been eliminated, and it has been shown that maternal literacy can in itself improve infant health and survival.

原文：“most literate women learnt to read in primary school, and the fact that a woman has had an education may simply indicate her family’s wealth or that it values its children more highly. Now a long-term study carried out in Nicaragua has eliminated these factors by showing that teaching reading to poor adult women, who would otherwise have remained illiterate, has a direct effect on their children’s health and survival.”

解析：題目譯文：結(jié)果，像家庭的富裕程度和對(duì)孩子的態(tài)度這些因素已經(jīng)被消除了，并且表明母親的文化程度可以本質(zhì)上改善孩子的健康和存活狀態(tài)。

雅思閱讀原文譯文：大多數(shù)有文化的女性都接受過(guò)小學(xué)教育，并且女人接受教育的事實(shí)明顯可以暗示出她的家庭富裕程度和父母對(duì)孩子的重視程度。現(xiàn)在由尼加拉瓜所做的一項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)期研究已經(jīng)消除了這些因素，讓成人女性接受教育可以直接影響到孩子的健康和存活狀態(tài)。

雅思閱讀原文中的“these”明顯代指題目中的“factors such as family wealth and attitudes to children have been eliminated”。

結(jié)合以上例子，我們可以得出結(jié)論，代詞在閱讀答題中起到了重要的作用，考生們要重視代詞的指代內(nèi)容，做出合理推斷，最終得出正確答案。