高考英語閱讀理解8種題型及解題思路

　　1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題

　　標(biāo)志：①題干中明確提到時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物等細(xì)節(jié)信息;

　　②針對文章中的一句或幾句發(fā)問;

　?、垲}干和選項(xiàng)之間是因果關(guān)系。

　　例1.(2005年高考英語福建卷閱讀理解A篇)Clearly, he was a writer who knew how to interest contemporary children. Recognizing that, the American Library Association in 2002 honored Paul Zindel with the Margaret A. Edwards Prize for his lifetime achievements, and later that same year he was presented with the ALAN Prize for his contributions to Young Adult Literature.

　　58.When did Paul Zindel win the ALAN Prize?

　　A.In 2002. B.In 2003.

　　C.Between 1967 and 1992.

　　D.Between 2002 and 2003.

　　解析：細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題正確選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)是： 一般可以在文章中直接或間接找到答案,但是不可能與閱讀材料一模一樣，而是用不同的詞語或句型表達(dá)相同的意思題干+正確選項(xiàng)的信息等于或者約等于原文中某句的信息值。做題的關(guān)鍵在于返回原文，返回原文的方式有：①根據(jù)題干中的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物返回原文;

　?、诟鶕?jù)出題順序返回原文(60%的準(zhǔn)度);

　?、鄹鶕?jù)題干中的重點(diǎn)詞或其同義詞返回原文(如名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞，70%的準(zhǔn)度);

　　在本題中，迷惑人的手段在于用題干中的win來代替文中的was presented with，考生可以根據(jù)題干中的重點(diǎn)詞Zindel和ALAN Prize返回原文，在原文中，可以看出在2002年Zindel被授予Margaret A獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)，緊接著又說，在同一年，他被授予了ALAN Prize獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)，由此推理，正確答案是A. In 2002。即，Zindel 獲得ALAN Prize 獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)的時(shí)間是在2002年。

　　2.詞匯題

　　標(biāo)志：在題干中明確指出原文中某處的單詞或詞組，要求辨別其意思

　　例2.(2005年高考英語湖南卷閱讀理解B篇)Charlotte's tale was inspired by the girls' coin collection. "We've collected foreign coins for years – since our families went on holiday to Tenerife." she explains. "That was before the Euro, so we put pesetas in." Lauren continues: "I find a coin in the road, go to get it and get run over. I'm in hospital and then I die." Charlotte adds: "Or she might not die. I haven't decided yet."

　　60. The underlined word "pesetas" in Paragraph 2 is a kind of _____.

　　A. story B. collection

　　C. inspiration D. foreign coin

　　解析：做題的關(guān)鍵在于：該單詞本身并不重要，重要的是該單詞的上下， 如果該單詞認(rèn)識，并不超出大綱，則其字面意思必然不是正確答案，其正確答案是根據(jù)上下文推測的一個(gè)更加深刻的含義。要找到正確的詞義，關(guān)鍵在于在上下文中尋找同詞性的詞或詞組。如在本題中，根據(jù)句式我們可以判斷pesetas是一個(gè)名詞，在pesetas的上下文附近出現(xiàn)了的名詞有coin,Euro(歐元)，road等，根據(jù)I find a coin in the road(我在路上發(fā)現(xiàn)埋著一枚硬幣)，可以知道埋在地下的是pesetas是硬幣之類的東西，所以正確答案是D.foreign coin.

　　3.句子理解題

　　標(biāo)志：在題干中明確指出原文中的一句話，要求理解其意思

　　例3.(2005年高考英語天津卷閱讀理解C篇)Tim pulled on a sweater and put some apples into his schoolbag. It was too early for breakfast. He' d eat after he' d been through the cave, sitting on the rocks and staring at the sea.

　　He wished he had a proper pack. His schoolbag would have to do. What else? Sandwiches-but his mother might wake up if he started pulling out bread for sandwiches, she' d want to know why he had to leave so early. He settled for some biscuits, and left a note stuck to the table: Gone to Michael' s. Back tonight, Tim.

　　44. "He settled for some biscuits” ( in Paragraph 3 ) means that Tim_______.

　　A. had to leave the biscuits on the table

　　B. liked biscuits better than sandwiches

　　C. had to take biscuits instead of sandwiches

　　D. could only find some biscuits in the kitchen

　　解析：做題的關(guān)鍵在于：返回原文對出題的句子進(jìn)行上下文分析，要精確理解其涵義; 正確答案與原句之間是一種同義關(guān)系，可以通過推理得出正確答案。在本題中，在句子He settled for some biscuits的上文中說but his mother might wake up if he started pulling out bread for sandwiches, she' d want to know why he had to leave so early.(如果他拿面包當(dāng)三明治吃，他的媽媽就會(huì)醒來問他為什么這么早就離家。)所以，為了不驚醒他媽媽，他settled for some biscuits(只好拿一些餅干了)，所以，正確的答案只能是C. had to take biscuits instead of sandwiches 。了

　　4.指代題

　　標(biāo)志：在題干中明確指出原文中某處的指代詞，要求辨別其指代關(guān)系。?？嫉闹复~有：it，that ，this，one，these，those等

　　例4.(2005年高考英語湖北卷閱讀理解C篇)There are also rules which deal with the standard of services you get from ,say ,travel agents ,shoe repairers ,hairdressers and builders. These tell you what you should expect from any service you pay for.

　　64.The underlined word “these” in Paragraph 2 refers to “ ”.

　　A.the services B.the workers

　　C.the goods D.the rules

　　解析：首先返回原文定位該指代詞，并且90%向上、10%向下搜索其指代的詞、詞組或句子。然后在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中找出與所找到的詞、詞組或句子意思*接近的一個(gè)作為答案。在本題中，我們可以看到原文中these之前的名詞有rules,services,travel agents,shoe repairers, hairdressers, builders等名詞，根據(jù)These tell you what you should expect from any service you pay for.(這些使你明白你所得到的付費(fèi)服務(wù)應(yīng)該達(dá)到怎樣的水平)的意思，可以知道正確的答案是D. the rules(制度) 。因?yàn)橹挥兄贫炔拍芗s束服務(wù)行為，使服務(wù)行為得到保障。

　　5.推理題

　　標(biāo)志：推理題一般含有關(guān)鍵詞infer，imply等。

　　例5.(2005年高考英語山東卷閱讀理解B篇) Under a Canadian government program for multiculturalism, the three students have received two thousand dollars with which they will do a study to find out whether Toronto’s immigrant businessmen would support an open-air market. They hope the merchants will support the plan strongly. “A study done earlier this year showed that 90 percent of shoppers would be in favor of it,” Salvatori said. “At first it would be an experiment. But we think it will prove to be good business for the merchants, as well as tourist attraction.”

　　64.It can be inferred from the text that the Canadian government supports ______.

　　A. the protection of different cultures

　　B. the plan of an open-air market

　　C. the request of merchants

　　D. the attitude of shoppers

　　解析：推理題干擾項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)為只是原文的簡單復(fù)述,而非推斷出來的結(jié)論,把直接表達(dá)當(dāng)作間接推理; 或者看似從原文推斷出來的結(jié)論,然而實(shí)際上與原文不符,如因果倒手段變目的等，本題中的B. the plan of an open-air market C. the request of merchants D. the attitude of shoppers就是根據(jù)這些原理設(shè)計(jì)出來的。做題時(shí)可以尋找四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中三錯(cuò)一對的關(guān)系。 如果四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的選項(xiàng)都是成立的推理步驟，那么與原文意思*接近、所用推理*少的選項(xiàng)即是正確答案。本題中找出正確答案的關(guān)鍵是讀懂Under a Canadian government program for multiculturalism，the three students have received two thousand dollars(從加拿大政府一個(gè)多元文化項(xiàng)目中，三個(gè)學(xué)生獲取了2000美圓的基金),這個(gè)句子，試想想，如果加拿大政府不支持對不同文化的保護(hù)，能設(shè)多元文化保護(hù)項(xiàng)目嗎?能撥出2000美金給學(xué)生們從事多元文化的研究嗎?所以，答案 A. the protection of different cultures (對多元文化的保護(hù))自然就是正確答案了。

　　6.態(tài)度題

　　標(biāo)志：考查態(tài)度題中的題干一般都含有 according to the writer，attitude，believe ，consider，regard等詞和短語。

　　例6.(2004 年高考英語全國卷閱讀理解C篇)When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your anger. But forgiveness is possible - and it can be surprisingly helpful to your physical and mental health. In-deed, research has shown that people who forgive report more energy, better appetite (胃口) and better sleep patterns. "People who forgive show less anger and more hopefulness," says Dr. Freder-ic Luskin, who wrote the book Forgive for Good. " So it can help save on the wear and tear on .Our system allow people to feel more energetic."

　　66. According to the writer, what is the right way to calm down after being hurt?

　　A. Try to figure out why you get hurt.

　　B. Write a letter to the person who hurt you.

　　C. Persuade yourself to accept what others have done to you.

　　D. Think about pleasant things and forget about the hurt.

　　解析： 作者態(tài)度只分為三大類：支持、贊同、樂觀;客觀、中立;反對、批評、懷疑、悲觀;除此之外，沒有其他的作者態(tài)度。 識別作者態(tài)度有以下方法：找文中帶有感情色彩的名次、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞;根據(jù)作者舉的例子判斷等。在涉及本題的文段中，反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的此是forgive 和forgiveness(寬容)，因此，不難判斷，作者對于受到傷害后解脫的態(tài)度是D. Think about pleasant things and forget about the hurt.(多去想想愉快的事情，忘掉別人對你的傷害)。

　　7.判斷題

　　標(biāo)志：which of the following statement is not ture/correct/mentioned? All of the following statements are ture /correct/mentioned except?

　　例7.(2005年高考英語天津卷閱讀理解C篇)The sandhills still breathed heat from yesterday' s sun, though the top of the sand was cool. He ran down to the beach impatiently, but there was no one, just dry sand dancing in the early wind and seabirds marching up and down watching the waves.

　　The light changed suddenly. The first rays of sunlight stretched (延伸) across the sea. Thesun was pushing its way over the edge of the world.

　　Over the first rocks, along to the point. Tim glanced back. The beach was still empty. The sun sailed higher in the sky.

　　He could see the cave now, even darker in the morning light. The sand turned silver than dark gold as the water flowed away from it. He had to force himself to go closer. Why was it so much more mysterious (神秘的) now? But it would be silly to go back now after so much trouble. He needn't go in all the way...

　　46. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the story?

　　A. The sea looked like a piece of gold.

　　B. Seabirds flew away when Tim arrived.

　　C. Tim was the only person on the beach.

　　D. The sky got dark as Tim reached the cave.

　　解析：做這樣的題首先應(yīng)判斷是三錯(cuò)一對還是三對一錯(cuò)，所謂“對”是指符合原文，所謂“錯(cuò)”是指和原文有矛盾，或原文未提及;接著每一個(gè)選項(xiàng)都應(yīng)力爭返回原文，不能通過印象進(jìn)行判斷。在本題的四個(gè)答案中，A. The sea looked like a piece of gold.(大?？雌饋硐笠粔K金字)，文中沒有提及，文中涉及金子(gold)的句子是The sand turned silver than dark gold as the water flowed away from it.(海水退去之后，沙灘的顏色變得比黑金更暗)，如果不仔細(xì)閱讀推敲，考生很容易憑印象誤選這個(gè)答案。答案B. Seabirds flew away when Tim arrived.(迪姆到達(dá)時(shí)，海鳥都飛走了)與原文中的seabirds were marching up and down watching the waves.(海鳥上下飛翔，俯瞰海浪)相矛盾。答案D. The sky got dark as Tim reached the cave.(當(dāng)?shù)夏返竭_(dá)洞穴時(shí)，天色暗下來了)與The sun sailed higher in the sky.(太陽已經(jīng)高高地升上了天空)相矛盾。原文中的but there was no one(一個(gè)人都沒有), The beach was still empty(海灘上仍然不見人蹤)倒是和答案 C. Tim was the only person on the beach.互相印證，所以正確答案可以判定為C.

　　8.主旨題

　　標(biāo)志：best title main idea main problem conclusion conclude

　　例8.(2005年高考英語全國卷閱讀理解B篇)MONTREAL (Reuters) – Crossing the US-Canada border(邊界)to go to church on a Sunday cost a US citizen $10,000 for breaking Washington’s strict new security(安全)rules.

　　The expensive trip to church was a surprise for Richard Albert, who lives right on the Canadian border. Like the other half-dozen people of Township 15, crossing the border is a daily occurrence for Albert. The nearby Quebec village of St. Pamphile is where they shop, eat and go to church.

　　There are many such situations in these areas along the largely unguarded 5,530-mile border between Canada and the US-which in some cases actually runs down the middle of streets or through buildings.

　　As a result, Albert says he did not expect any problems three weeks ago when he returned home to the US after attending church in Canada, as usual. The US customs(海關(guān))station in this area is closed on Sundays, so be just drove around the locked gate, as he had done every weekend since the gate appeared last May, following a tightening of border security. Two days later. Albert was told to go to the customs office, where an officer told him be had been caught on carnera crossing the border illegally(非法).

　　Ottawa has given out special passes to some 300 US citizens in that area so they can enter the country when Canadian customs stations are closed, but the US stopped a similar program last May. That forces the people to a 200-mile detour along hilly roads to get home through another border checkpoint.

　　Albert has requested that the customs office change their decisions on the fine, but he has not attended a Sunday church since. “I feel like I’m living in a prison,” he said.

　　62.What would be the best title for the text?

　　A.A Cross-country Trip

　　B.A Special Border Pass

　　C.An Unguarded Border

　　D.An Expensive Church Visit

　　解析：要利用宏觀閱讀技巧做主旨題，既要特別小心首段、末段陷阱，又要重視首段、末段提供的重要信息。具體操作的時(shí)候，要注意依據(jù)選項(xiàng)、快速與原文核對。在本文中，第一段就開宗明義地點(diǎn)明了文章的主題，因?yàn)榈谝欢问沁@樣敘述的：MONTREAL (Reuters) – Crossing the US-Canada border(邊界)to go to church on a Sunday cost a US citizen $10,000 for breaking Washington’s strict new security(安全)rules.(蒙特利爾(路透社消息)—— 一位美國公民因?yàn)榭缭矫兰舆吔缛⒓右粋€(gè)周日禮拜活動(dòng)，違反了華盛頓嚴(yán)格的新安全制度，并為此付出了一萬美金的代價(jià))。

　　所以，我們根據(jù)第一段可以輕松選出正確答案D.An Expensive Church Visit