2022考研英語之解讀閱讀中“符號秘密”

　　1.逗號comma

　　用于分割并列成分。考研重點(diǎn)：兩個逗號之間，或者一個逗號之后，如果是補(bǔ)充說明成分時，跳過不看。Eg. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition.

　　2.句號period/fullstop

　　①用于陳述句，表示一個句子的結(jié)束，起分割切分句子作用。

　　②用于某些縮略詞之后。比如Mr.、Ms.、etc.等等。如果句號作為簡寫符號使用，那么這個詞語簡寫前后面的符號應(yīng)該照常寫上，因?yàn)楹唽懱柌⒎蔷涮?，也不遵循句號的語法。比如Entreprise Co.，Ltd或者I invited Tom，Jerry，etc..(注意兩個點(diǎn))。

　?、塾米餍?shù)點(diǎn)

　　3.問號

　　考研英語閱讀文章中的問號一般都是設(shè)問的功能，只問不答，答案不言自明。Eg1.考研難道沒有價值嗎?另外，如果開篇就是問句，那么則屬于問題答案型文章，對問題的回答就是全文主旨。

　　4.冒號(colon)：冒號前后是從抽象到具體的過程，后面進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說明前面的內(nèi)容。

　　Eg.1997 passage3 Q2

　　60.The word "pervasive" (Line 1, Paragraph 2) might mean________.

　　[A]widespread[B]overwhelming

　　[C]piercing[D]fashionable

　　We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.

　　5.分號(semi-colon)前后是并列關(guān)系，包括結(jié)構(gòu)上并列和語義上的并列。

　　For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. (2000 Passage2)

　　6.引號(quotationmarks)：①引用②強(qiáng)調(diào)③諷刺

　　Eg1 “Scientific” creationism, which is being pushed by some for “equal time” in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science.

　　7.括號(parentheses)①解釋說明生詞。②補(bǔ)充說明

　　Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior are known as psychoactive substances. (1997，Text 3)

　　8.破折號(dash)

　?、僖粋€破折號后面起補(bǔ)充說明或評價判斷。

　　I am an idiot - the stupidest kind of all.“This book stands for reason itself.” And so it does — and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.

　　②兩破折號之間其補(bǔ)充說明，可先跳過不看。

　　In Australia—where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part—other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.

　　9.省略號(ellipsis)...

　　英文中的省略號的作用和漢語是一樣的。當(dāng)省略號在句圍并且有下文時，應(yīng)該打四個點(diǎn)，最后一個為句號。如：Anditflewfurther，andfurther，andfurther....Jorgesmiledandturnedback.當(dāng)省略號在句尾并作為語氣延長的作用時，應(yīng)使用修辭前的標(biāo)點(diǎn)，如：Doyouloveme...?其余情況下使用三個點(diǎn)。如：The Martians...they just...just bombed our...our town，please send...more...