托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作高分范文：人人都可以改變環(huán)境

　　Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Because environmental issues are too complicated, individuals can do nothing to solve them.

　　參考范文：

　　Our current environmental problems grow ever more serious. Sometimes they seem so serious and confusing that it seems an individual could never do anything to help fi x the problems. Personally speaking, I believe that individuals can make a difference. There are at least two areas where the efforts of ordinary individuals can be meaningful in solving environmental issues.

　　Firstly, individuals can protect environment by changing their ways of waste disposal. If every person would classify his or her garbage before throwing it away, much of it could be recycled and pollution could be reduced. Just take beverage cans as one example. Recent surveys suggest that over 7,000 tons of waste beverage cans go un-recycled each year in America alone. The cost of finding these cans after they have been thrown away, reclassifying them as recyclable and then sending them to be recycled is far higher than simply making new ones. However, if individuals would sort their cans before they discard them, and then discard them into the proper containers, the expense of recycling would decline greatly and there would be reduction in absolute pollution caused by the beverage cans. This is just one area where an individual can make a difference.

　　Secondly, environmental problems will be somewhat revolved once individuals in society consume less energy. It is because the requirement of natural resources used to produce energy will reduce and as a result, the environmental damage human inflicts will also decline. As an academic survey indicates, if every family in American could reduce their electricity use by 5% a year,1.65 billion units would be saved. It means that the generator motived by coals in the whole country can take a break for more than a month. In fact, not only can it make human’s requirement of natural resources less, but also it can alleviate the air pollution caused by burning coals. Consequently, for winning the battle of protecting environment, individuals’ endeavor, undoubtedly, is a great strength that should not be ignored.

　　Admittedly, most people do not have the specialized knowledge and skills to tackle many issues related to the environment. Besides, they do not have the influence to change entire systems. Nevertheless, the claim that individuals can do nothing to solve these issues is an obvious overstatement. In fact, the power that individual can exert is much more than we can expect.

　　In conclusion, I disagree with the idea that individuals can do nothing in solving environmental problems since the issues are too complicated.

　　參考譯文：

　　當(dāng)前我們面臨的環(huán)境問(wèn)題已經(jīng)越來(lái)越嚴(yán)峻了。有時(shí)這些問(wèn)題看起來(lái)格外嚴(yán)重，令人不知所措，以至于人們覺(jué)得個(gè)人在解決環(huán)境問(wèn)題方面已經(jīng)無(wú)能為力了。然而在我看來(lái)，即使是個(gè)人也可以盡自己的一份努力，來(lái)改變這一現(xiàn)狀。至少在下面兩個(gè)方面，普通人也能為之做出有意義的貢獻(xiàn)。

　　首先，人們可以通過(guò)改變垃圾丟棄的方式，來(lái)保護(hù)環(huán)境。如果每個(gè)人都能在丟掉垃圾之前將其分類，那么這些垃圾中的一大部分就可以被回收，進(jìn)而減少污染。以飲料罐為例。最近一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，僅在美國(guó)，每年就有超過(guò) 7000 噸廢飲料罐未能得到回收。如果人們要找回這些已丟棄的飲料罐，并將其重新分類、回收利用，其成本要比制造新罐子高得多。然而，如果人們可以事先分揀出這些廢罐子，并將它們?nèi)拥较鄳?yīng)的垃圾箱里，回收的費(fèi)用則將大大下降，而由飲料罐引起的污染也會(huì)有所減少。以上這不過(guò)是個(gè)人能夠?yàn)榄h(huán)保做出貢獻(xiàn)的諸多領(lǐng)域之一。

　　其次，如果每個(gè)人能夠降低自己對(duì)能源的消耗，那么環(huán)境問(wèn)題也將在一定程度上得到解決。這是由于人們不再需要消耗大量的自然資源來(lái)制造能源。自然資源消耗的下降及工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的縮減，會(huì)降低人類對(duì)環(huán)境造成的損害。一份學(xué)術(shù)調(diào)查表明，如果所有的美國(guó)家庭每年能減少 5% 的用電量，那么便可節(jié)省 16.5 億度電，而這意味著全國(guó)以燃煤為動(dòng)力的發(fā)電機(jī)可以少工作一月有余。事實(shí)上， 那不僅能減少人們對(duì)自然資源的消耗，同時(shí)也能夠減輕因燒煤而引起的空氣污染。因此，要贏得環(huán)保戰(zhàn)斗的勝利，個(gè)人的努力，毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，是一個(gè)不應(yīng)被忽視的強(qiáng)大力量。

　　誠(chéng)然，大多數(shù)人不具備解決諸多環(huán)境問(wèn)題的專業(yè)知識(shí)和技能。此外，他們也沒(méi)有足夠的影響力以改變整個(gè)體系。但即使這樣，聲稱個(gè)人在解決這些問(wèn)題上完全無(wú)能為力顯然言過(guò)其實(shí)了。事實(shí)上，個(gè)人能夠發(fā)揮出的力量是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)我們預(yù)期的。

　　綜上所述，我不認(rèn)同“環(huán)境問(wèn)題太過(guò)復(fù)雜，因此個(gè)人在解決這些問(wèn)題上無(wú)能為力”這個(gè)說(shuō)法。

　　范文解析：

　　這篇范文共五段。首段依然是引子、點(diǎn)題、觀點(diǎn)、鋪墊四個(gè)要素。對(duì)于本題的話題，即個(gè)人是否在應(yīng)對(duì)復(fù)雜的環(huán)境問(wèn)題面前無(wú)能為力，作者持的是一種否定態(tài)度，并在其后的兩個(gè)正論段中，從垃圾處理和能源節(jié)約方面進(jìn)行了論證。另外，作者在論述以上兩段時(shí)，也分別給出了具體的數(shù)據(jù)，作為細(xì)節(jié)加以佐證。在讓步段中，作者使用了“讓步句 +讓步論證 +轉(zhuǎn)折句 +轉(zhuǎn)折論證”的四句話論證法。值得注意的是，這一次的讓步論證中，作者給出了與讓步句論點(diǎn)平行的另一觀點(diǎn)，來(lái)對(duì)其做出補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。總體上說(shuō)，整篇文章長(zhǎng)度適中，且語(yǔ)言亮點(diǎn)較多，難度適中，非常適合考生模仿研習(xí)。

　　加分單詞和詞組

　　disposal [d??sp??z(?)l] n. ( 事情的 ) 處置;

　　( 廢物的 ) 清理、處理sort [s??(r)t] vt. 將……分類;

　　挑選出某物discard [d?s?kɑ?(r)d] vt. 拋棄;

　　丟棄generator [?d?en??re?t?(r) ] n. 發(fā)電機(jī);

　　生產(chǎn)者tackle [?tæk(?)l] vt. 處理;

　　與……交涉make a difference：有影響;起作用

　　for winning the battle of：為了獲取……斗爭(zhēng)的勝利

　　經(jīng)典句型

　　I disagree with the idea that ...：我不同意……的觀點(diǎn)sth. is much more than we can expect：某事(物)大大超出了我們的預(yù)期in fact, not only can it make human’s requirement of natural resources less, but also it can alleviate the air pollution caused by burning coals: 事實(shí)上，那不僅能減少人們對(duì)自然資源的消耗， 同時(shí)也能夠減輕因燃煤而引起的空氣污染注：本句 not only 的分句中使用了倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，對(duì)句子加以強(qiáng)調(diào)，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can 提到了形式主語(yǔ)it的前面。需要注意的是后一個(gè)分句，即 but also引導(dǎo)的分句不倒裝，can 仍然在主語(yǔ) it 之后。此外，本句還使用了后置定語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu) caused by burningcoals，對(duì)賓語(yǔ) air pollution 進(jìn)行修飾。