托福綜合寫(xiě)作模板匯總之高分句型解析

　　有很多同學(xué)不太注意綜合寫(xiě)作的語(yǔ)言質(zhì)量，甚至有些老師無(wú)意中暗示學(xué)生綜合寫(xiě)作的語(yǔ)言根本不用管，背個(gè)模板就行，導(dǎo)致一些同學(xué)生搬硬套模板，結(jié)果把綜合寫(xiě)作寫(xiě)得牛頭不對(duì)馬嘴，丟掉了不少分?jǐn)?shù)，只是非常悲催的。鑒于此，筆者原創(chuàng)了一些托福綜合寫(xiě)作的句型，并將詳細(xì)講解這些句型的來(lái)歷。經(jīng)過(guò)幾次認(rèn)真的練習(xí)，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，其實(shí)你也可以寫(xiě)出高大上的句子!

　　托福綜合寫(xiě)作對(duì)語(yǔ)言質(zhì)量的要求比獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作低，甚至可以說(shuō)低得比較多，這在官方指南中已明顯地體現(xiàn)，下面請(qǐng)看第4版(最新版)官方指南綜合寫(xiě)作4分的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：

　　A response at this level is generally good in selecting the important information from the lecture and in coherently and accurately presenting this information inrelation to the relevant information in the reading, but it may have minor omission, inaccuracy, vagueness, or imprecision of some content from the lecture or in connection to points made in the reading. A response is also scored at this level if it has more frequent or noticeable minor language errors, as long as such usage and grammatical structures do not result in anything more than an occasional lapse of clarity or in the connection of ideas.

　　為什么要看4分的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)而不是5分的呢?因?yàn)?分是滿分，只要是滿分，對(duì)各項(xiàng)的要求都非常高。但是，絕大多數(shù)同學(xué)都不需要考滿分，只要你不需要考滿分，那最高分就是4分，因?yàn)闆](méi)有介于4分和5分之間的任何小數(shù)的分。

　　以上評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)告訴我們(請(qǐng)注意劃線部分，請(qǐng)?zhí)貏e注意標(biāo)紅部分)，只要不影響理解和觀點(diǎn)的對(duì)比銜接，就算出現(xiàn)較多的或明顯的語(yǔ)法小錯(cuò)誤，照樣可以得4分，而4分則對(duì)應(yīng)于最終換算出來(lái)的25分，這對(duì)相當(dāng)一部分同學(xué)來(lái)說(shuō)，已經(jīng)是一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的分?jǐn)?shù)了。

　　正因?yàn)槿绱?，有很多同學(xué)就不太注意綜合寫(xiě)作的語(yǔ)言質(zhì)量，甚至有些老師無(wú)意中暗示學(xué)生綜合寫(xiě)作的語(yǔ)言根本不用管，背個(gè)模板就行，導(dǎo)致一些同學(xué)生搬硬套模板，結(jié)果把綜合寫(xiě)作寫(xiě)得牛頭不對(duì)馬嘴，丟掉了不少分?jǐn)?shù)，只是非常悲催的。

　　鑒于此，筆者原創(chuàng)了一些托福綜合寫(xiě)作的句型，并將詳細(xì)講解這些句型的來(lái)歷。經(jīng)過(guò)幾次認(rèn)真的練習(xí)，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，其實(shí)你也可以寫(xiě)出高大上的句子!

　　首先，我們要明白一個(gè)道理，托福寫(xiě)作的語(yǔ)言質(zhì)量其實(shí)就是兩點(diǎn)：準(zhǔn)確與多樣。準(zhǔn)確，也即遣詞造句要符合語(yǔ)法，最好能做到地道;多樣，也即不能總用那幾個(gè)你熟悉的詞和句型結(jié)構(gòu)。這不是我發(fā)明和杜撰的，這是官方指南的要求(syntactic variety, appropriate word choice, and idiomaticity)，也是一個(gè)常識(shí)：學(xué)一門語(yǔ)言，把句子說(shuō)對(duì)寫(xiě)對(duì)是最基本的要求，如果你的句式多樣，證明你懂得多，肚子里有“墨水”，理應(yīng)獲得高分。如果連句子都寫(xiě)不對(duì)，或只會(huì)用非常有限的幾種句型結(jié)構(gòu)，就想通過(guò)“萬(wàn)能模板”獲得高分——大哥，人家ETS有那么傻嗎?

　　一、如何表示“文章”與“聽(tīng)力”

　　文章

　　the reading passage/the reading/the passage(摘自官方指南)

　　或

　　the article/the reading section/the writer/the author

　　聽(tīng)力

　　the lecture/the professor(摘自官方指南)

　　或

　　the listening passage/the listening/the listening section/the lecturer/the speaker

　　二、如何表示“認(rèn)為、主張、聲稱”

　　雖然各個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞的地位都是一樣的，沒(méi)有高低貴賤之分，但您總不能一個(gè)think殺到底吧!天涯何處無(wú)芳草，何必單戀一think呢，請(qǐng)看：

　　say/believe(稍簡(jiǎn)單)

　　claim/state/argue/assert/maintain(語(yǔ)氣越來(lái)越強(qiáng)硬)

　　suggest/indicate/imply(有“暗示”的含義，語(yǔ)氣稍弱)

　　take the view that/hold the opinion that/have a notion that(貌似比think顏值稍高*_*)

　　但一定要注意，表示“文章/聽(tīng)力認(rèn)為”要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且是第三人稱單數(shù)(以上表達(dá)均可跟that從句)，而描述歷史事件時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)跟原文保持一致。來(lái)看一個(gè)例子：

　　【例】However, the professor says that tea was popular only in southern China, not in the north where Polo stayed.

　　(來(lái)源：《托福高分范文大全》，戴云、劉蕓編著，綜合寫(xiě)作第06篇范文，第2主體段)

　　三、如何表示“反駁”

　　challenge/disprove/refute/contradict

　　question/cast doubt on(這兩個(gè)詞賓語(yǔ)一般不能是人)

　　【例】challenge a claim, an assertion, a verdict

　　(來(lái)源：Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary)

　　【例】These figures disproved Smith's argument.

　　(來(lái)源：Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English)

　　【例】an attempt to refute Darwin's theories

　　(來(lái)源：Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English)

　　【例】Recent evidence has tended to contradict established theories on this subject.

　　(來(lái)源：Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary)

　　【例】Two months ago, results from a European study questioned whether early treatment with the drug really improved survival.

　　(來(lái)源：Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary)

　　【例】Last night a top criminal psychologist cast doubt on the theory.

　　(來(lái)源：Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 5th Edition)

　　四、如何組織語(yǔ)言

　　開(kāi)頭段

　　句型一：The lecture is a discussion concerning the issue of (主題), which challenges the main idea in the reading passage.

　　亮點(diǎn)：

　　1) the issue of…。一定要注意issue of后應(yīng)該是名詞或一個(gè)從句，不能是句子

　　2) concerning是about的升級(jí)版，也可以用regarding或with regard to替換concerning

　　3) which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

　　【例】We should raise the issue of discrimination with the council.

　　(來(lái)源：Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English)

　　【例】Dillon addressed the issue of child abuse in his speech.

　　(來(lái)源：Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English)

　　【例】G-8 leaders call for Syrian peace talks, sidestep issue of whether Assad should go

　　(來(lái)源：Washington Post官網(wǎng)，地址為https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/obama-g-8-leaders-cite-weak-economic-prospects/2013/06/18/755e2064-d813-11e2-a016-92547bf094cc_story.html)

　　【例】the issue of how to provide adequate child care

　　(來(lái)源：American Heritage Dictionary 4th Edition)

　　句型二：The writer claims in the reading passage that (文章論點(diǎn)), whereas the professor argues in the lecture that (聽(tīng)力論點(diǎn)). Obviously, they hold differing views on the same topic.

　　亮點(diǎn)：

　　1) in the reading passage和in the lecture其實(shí)把claims that和argues that分開(kāi)了，這是一個(gè)分裂結(jié)構(gòu)

　　2) whereas是while的升級(jí)版，前面有沒(méi)有逗號(hào)都行

　　3) differing是different的升級(jí)版，還可以說(shuō)成conflicting/opposing/opposite/contrary/divergent/contradictory

　　句型三：Despite the point made by the writer that (文章論點(diǎn)), the professor casts doubt on what the writer states by saying that (聽(tīng)力論點(diǎn)).

　　亮點(diǎn)：

　　1) despite + 名詞 + 過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)

　　2) 用by saying that引出聽(tīng)力論點(diǎn)

　　中間段

　　句型一：In the first place, the author presents a viewpoint that (文章分論點(diǎn)). The listening passage, by contrast, puts forward a divergent opinion that (聽(tīng)力分論點(diǎn)). This is because (解釋).

　　亮點(diǎn)：

　　1) viewpoint是point的升級(jí)版

　　2) by contrast/in contrast表示對(duì)比，且為插入語(yǔ)，還可以用however/nevertheless/nonetheless替換，但意思不同，請(qǐng)認(rèn)真體會(huì)

　　3) put forward是have的升級(jí)版

　　句型二：Another point of view expressed by the lecturer is that (聽(tīng)力分論點(diǎn)), which contradicts the statement given by the reading that (文章分論點(diǎn)). Then the lecturer supports his point by saying that (解釋).

　　亮點(diǎn)：

　　1) another其實(shí)也可以表示列舉的第二項(xiàng)，如果把a(bǔ)nother換成the first/the second/the final，這個(gè)句型就可以用在中間段的不同段落

　　2) supports his point by saying that避免了老用because表示原因

　　句型三：Finally, although the reading passage asserts that (文章分論點(diǎn)), contrary to what the reading states, the professor maintains that (聽(tīng)力分論點(diǎn)). In order to prove his theory, the professor says that (解釋).

　　亮點(diǎn)：

　　1) 用contrary to作提前的狀語(yǔ)引出反駁

　　2) 用in order to作提前的狀語(yǔ)表示目的

　　3) 用prove his theory替換了上面的supports his point

　　【例】Contrary to what the public was told, weapons were still being exported.

　　(來(lái)源：Oxford Collocations Dictionary for Students of English)

　　【例】The new claim is directly contrary to what was originally stated.

　　(來(lái)源：Oxford Collocations Dictionary for Students of English)

　　五、到底寫(xiě)不寫(xiě)結(jié)尾段

　　至于到底寫(xiě)不寫(xiě)結(jié)尾段，眾說(shuō)紛紜，筆者認(rèn)為可寫(xiě)可不寫(xiě)——無(wú)論是開(kāi)頭段還是中間段，句式都差不多，如果再加一個(gè)結(jié)尾段，難免會(huì)有重復(fù)和冗余之嫌，而且綜合寫(xiě)作的官方字?jǐn)?shù)上限是225，寫(xiě)超了到底扣不扣分，誰(shuí)也不知道。我的理解是，綜合寫(xiě)作其實(shí)考察了考生提取有效信息的能力，如果寫(xiě)得太長(zhǎng)，就有這種能力不強(qiáng)之嫌，所以還是小心為妙。如果小伙伴們看了這篇文章后，“根本停不下來(lái)”，忍不住想寫(xiě)，也是可以的，但一定要注意句式和用詞的準(zhǔn)確與多樣。

　　以上就是小編為同學(xué)們整理的托福綜合寫(xiě)作模板匯總之高分句型解析的全部?jī)?nèi)容，同學(xué)們需要整理類似模板，從而在托?？荚囍杏稳杏杏?