托福寫作怎樣利用故事來舉例

　　敘述故事就是寫出真實發(fā)生的事件，這些事件可以是發(fā)生在其他人身上的，也可以是發(fā)生在自己身上的，適合它的舉例詞匯比較多，在此僅討論相對“高端”的兩種：illustrate與exemplify以及…deserves a special mention。為了能更加直觀地展現(xiàn)舉例的這種方法，現(xiàn)以TPO16的獨立寫作題目為例，“最佳的旅行方式是跟隨有導游的旅游團”，并且選擇disagree(其實也可選擇agree，但舉例方法大同小異，所以在此只討論disagree的情況)，理由是“導游會把游客帶到商品價格極高的紀念品店”，例子是my cousin Joseph的一段親身經(jīng)歷，這就是一個真實發(fā)生的事件，也即敘述故事：

　　Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

　　The best way to travel is in a group led by a tour guide.

　　Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

　　故事一般可由以下兩類詞匯引入，現(xiàn)在我們來逐一討論。

　　一、illustrate與exemplify，這兩個詞是大多數(shù)考生所不熟悉的，如果能將它們用好，必定會使文章增色不少，這兩個詞通常用來引人一個真實發(fā)生的事件，使用時需要注意以下幾點(illustrate與exemplify同義，可互換)：

　　1. illustrate 與exemplify都是及物動詞，它們的賓語都是表“觀點”的詞，如point等。

　　2. 為了體現(xiàn)句法多樣性，with可用by替換，the case of可用the example of與the story about等表達進行替換，但要注意它們所用介詞的不同。

　　3. exemplify被很多的考生拼錯，寫成examplify——它與example不同，是以exe-開頭的，而不是exa-。偶爾的拼寫錯誤不傷大雅，但是很多的拼寫錯誤很有可能導致失分。

　　【參考例句】

　　Tourists are likely to be taken by tour guides to stores where souvenirs are extremely expensive. I will illustrate/exemplify this point with the case of my cousin Joseph, who last year went on a guided tour with a group of approximately 20 people to France. When they finished visiting the Eiffel Tower, the tour guide took them to a souvenir store nearby. Joseph bought a miniature Eiffel Tower there for 100 dollars, which was too expensive.

　　當然，也可以選擇被動語態(tài)，主動被動換著使用，寫成：

　　Tourists are likely to be taken by tour guides to stores where souvenirs are extremely expensive. This point can be illustrated/exemplified with the case ofmy cousin Joseph, who last year went on a guided tour with a group of approximately 20 people to France. When they finished visiting the Eiffel Tower, the tour guide took them to a souvenir store nearby. Joseph bought a miniature Eiffel Tower there for 500 dollars, which was too expensive.

　　二、…deserves a special mention，這個表達也是大多數(shù)考生所不熟悉的，如果能用好它，文章一定會顯得高大上，這個表達通常也用來引人一個真實發(fā)生的事件，使用時需要注意以下幾點：

　　1. 在…deserves a special mention中，a可以省略，寫成…deserves special mention。

　　2. 為了體現(xiàn)句法多樣性，when it comes to…可用speaking of…等表達進行替換。

　　3. 也可結合上面提到的語言點，寫成The case of…/The example of…/The story about…deserves a special mention，后跟具體的事件即可;由于主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，因此deserve也要相應地使用第三人稱單數(shù)，這是非常簡單的問題，但往往被相當一部分考生所忽略，因此造成失分，非常可惜。

　　【參考例句】

　　When it comes to being taken by tour guides to stores where souvenirs are extremely expensive, my cousin Joseph deserves a special mention. He last year went on a guided tour with a group of approximately 20 people to France. When they finished visiting the Eiffel Tower, the tour guide took them to a souvenir store nearby. Joseph bought a miniature Eiffel Tower there for 500 dollars, which was too expensive.