托福寫作中的錯(cuò)誤問(wèn)題解析

　　指代不清主要講的是代詞與被指代的人或物關(guān)系不清，或者先后所用的代詞不一致。試看下面這一句：

　　Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid。(瑪麗和我姐姐很要好，因?yàn)樗鏊陌槟铩?

　　讀完上面這一句話，讀者無(wú)法明確地判斷兩位姑娘中誰(shuí)將結(jié)婚，誰(shuí)將當(dāng)伴娘。如果我們把易于引起誤解的代詞的所指對(duì)象加以明確，意思就一目了然了。這個(gè)句子可改為：

　　Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid。

　　例1. And we can also know the society by serving it yourself。

　　剖析：句中人稱代詞we 和反身代詞yourself指代不一致。改為：

　　We can also know society by serving it ourselves。

　　2. 不間斷句子(Run-on Sentences)

　　什么叫run-on sentence?請(qǐng)看下面的例句。

　　例1. There are many ways we get to know the outside world。

　　剖析：這個(gè)句子包含了兩層完整的意思：“There are many ways。” 以及“We get to know the outside world。”。簡(jiǎn)單地把它們連在一起就不妥當(dāng)了。

　　改為：There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或：There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world。

　　3. 措詞毛病(Troubles in Diction)

　　Diction 是指在特定的句子中如何適當(dāng)?shù)剡x用詞語(yǔ)的問(wèn)題，囿于教學(xué)時(shí)間緊迫，教師平時(shí)在這方面花的時(shí)間往往極其有限，影響了學(xué)生在寫作中沒(méi)有養(yǎng)成良好的推敲，斟酌的習(xí)慣。他們往往隨心所欲，拿來(lái)就用。所以作文中用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e(cuò)誤比比皆是。

　　例1. The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution。(農(nóng)業(yè)方面化學(xué)物質(zhì)使用的不斷增加也造成了污染。)

　　剖析：顯然，考生把obstacles“障礙”，“障礙物”誤作substance“物質(zhì)”了。另外“the increasing use (不斷增加的使用)” 應(yīng)改為“abusive use (濫用)”。

　　改為：The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution。

　　4. 累贅(Redundancy)

　　言以簡(jiǎn)潔為貴。寫句子沒(méi)有一個(gè)多余的詞;寫段落沒(méi)有一個(gè)無(wú)必要的句子。能用單詞的不用詞組;能用詞組的不用從句或句子。如：In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him。

　　本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同謂語(yǔ)從句，我們按照上述“能用詞組的不用從句”可以改為：In spite of his laziness, I like him。

　　例1. For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need。

　　剖析：整個(gè)句子可以大大簡(jiǎn)化。

　　改為：ligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need。

　　5. 不連貫(Incoherence)

　　不連貫是指一個(gè)句子前言不對(duì)后語(yǔ)，或是結(jié)構(gòu)上不暢通。這也是考生常犯的毛病。

　　例1. The fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth。

　　剖析：The fresh water 與逗號(hào)后的it 不連貫。It 與things 在數(shù)方面不一致。

　　改為：Fresh water is the most important thing in the world。

　　6. 綜合性語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤(Comprehensive Misusage)

　　所謂“綜合性語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤”，是指除了上述十種錯(cuò)誤以外，還有諸如時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)，標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，大小寫等方面的錯(cuò)誤。

　　例1.Today, Money to everybody is very importance, our’s eat, cloth, live, go etc.