1. [詞海垂釣]從詞典中“釣”出一串同根詞吧。
① ef-(ex-)
② af-(ad-)
2. [舉一反三]根據已知單詞的詞義推斷出其同根詞的詞義。
difference n.差別;差異→① differential a.
→② differentiate v.
→③ differentiator n.
3. [詞義辨析]選擇最恰當的詞義。
① indifference n. A.無區(qū)別 B.不關心 C.無差異
② indifferent a. A.無區(qū)別的 B.不關心的 C.無差異的
4. [同義相連]將左欄中的單詞和右欄中相對應的詞義連接起來。
① aquiferous a.含碳的
② carboniferous b.含水的
③ magnetiferous c.發(fā)出聲音的
④ metalliferous d.開花的
⑤ soniferous e.有磁性的
⑥ floriferous f.含金屬的
5. [尋根問底]指出下列單詞的詞根并領會其詞義的由來。
① ferry n.渡船
ferriage n.擺渡;擺渡費
② deferment n.延期;延遲
③ deference n.聽從;尊重
④ infer v.推斷,推定
inference n.推論,推理,推斷
inferential a.推論的,推理的
inferable a.可推論的,可推定的
⑤ conifer n.松果目植物;針葉樹
⑥ proffer v.提供,貢獻,提出
6. [節(jié)外生枝] fer還有兩個異體lat和fert。lat的同根詞很多,將作專門處理(見第二部分第49節(jié))。fert的同根詞有以下幾個:
① fertile a.可繁殖的,可生育的;肥沃的
② fertility n.肥沃;繁殖力,能育性
③ fertilize v.使肥沃,使多產;施肥于
32. fid [L]=to trust信任
在高保真音響器材上,常寫著Hi-Fi,即High-Fidelity。單詞fidelity和confide,confidence是同族詞。詞根fid來自拉丁動詞fidere,意思相當于to trust(信任)。
fidelity [fid=to trust信任;-elity (-al+-ity) n.=the quality表性質→“the quality of being trusted可被信任之品質”→] n.① faithfulness;loyalty忠誠;忠實:fidelity to one's cause對事業(yè)的忠誠 ② (radio, video) precision of reproduction(收音、錄像的)逼真度,保真度:a high fidelity recorder高保真錄音機
confide [con-(com-)=completely完全地;fid=to trust信任;-e→“to trustcompletely完全信任”→] v.① have trust or faith in信任:I confide in every one of you.我信任你們每一個人。② impart ( secrets) with trust吐露(秘密等):He often confides his private affairs to me.他常把心腹之事告訴我。
▽confidant [confid(e);-ant n.] n.密友;知己
confidante [confid(e);-ante n.] n.知己的女友
confidence [confide 的對應名詞:confid(e)信任;-ence n.=the act or state 表行為或狀態(tài)→“confiding somebody or oneself對他人或對自己的信任”→] n.① firm trust信任:to enjoy one's confidence得到某人的信任② firm trust or belief in oneself;self-reliance信心;自信:to have full confidence 信心十足
▽confident [confid(e);-ent a.] a.確信的;有信心的;自信的
diffident [dif-(dis-)=not不;fid=to trust信任;-ent a.=-ing……的→“not trusting (oneself)不信任(自己)的”→] a. distrusting;lacking in self-reliance沒有信心的;缺乏自信的:He is diffident of his own opinion.他對自己的觀點缺乏信心。
▽diffidence [dif-;fid;-ence n.] n.缺乏自信
fideism [fide(來自fidere的同根名詞fides)=faith信仰;-ism n.=belief or doctrine主義→] n. doctrine that knowledge depends on faith信仰主義(認為知識依賴于信仰)
▽fideist [fide;-ist n.] n.信仰主義者
infidel [in-=not不;fid=to trust信任;-el (-al) a.=having the quality有……性質的→“not trusting or believing in religion不相信宗教的”→]Ⅰa. unfaithful in religion不信宗教的/infidel writers不信教的作家→Ⅱ n. one who does not believe in religion 不信仰宗教的人:He remained an infidel to his dying day.他至死還是一個不信教的人。
▽infidelity [infidel;-ity n.] n.無宗教信仰;背信
perfidious [per-=through, to destruction穿透,毀壞;fid=trust信仰;-i-;-ous a.=causing使……的→“cauing one's trust to destruction使信仰徹底破壞的”→] a. faithless;unfaithful;violating faith不忠的;背信的;叛賣的:perfidious activities背信棄義的行為
▽perfidy [per-;fid;-y n.] n.背信棄義;叛變;出賣