2021大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)英語(yǔ)詞根練習(xí)100天(匯總)
1. [舉一反三]根據(jù)已知單詞的詞義推斷出其同根詞的詞義。
expel驅(qū)逐→① expeller n.
→② exopellee n.
→③ expellable a.
2. [尋根問(wèn)底]指出下列單詞的詞根并領(lǐng)會(huì)其詞義的由來(lái)。
① pulse n.脈搏;脈動(dòng);脈沖
pulsar n.脈沖星
pulser n.脈沖發(fā)生器
② pulsate v.搏動(dòng)
pulsative a.脈動(dòng)的
pulsator n.搏動(dòng)的東西;搏動(dòng)式人工呼吸器;脈動(dòng)器
pulsatory a.能脈動(dòng)的
③ pulsimeter/palsometer n.脈搏計(jì)
④ pulsion n.推進(jìn)
pulsive a.推進(jìn)的
3. [節(jié)外生枝] pel有個(gè)來(lái)自法語(yǔ)的異體peal,請(qǐng)注意下列單詞。
① peal n.響亮持久的聲音
② appeal v.呼吁;懇求
appealing a.有感染力的;動(dòng)人的
③ repeal v.撤消(決議等);廢止(法令等)
repealer n.撤消者;廢止者
68. pend, pens [L]=to hang, to weigh, to pay懸掛,稱量,支付
pend和pens是同源異形根,它們來(lái)自拉丁動(dòng)詞pendere和它的動(dòng)名詞pensum。這個(gè)動(dòng)詞有三個(gè)意思:to hang(懸掛);to weigh(稱量)和to pay(支付)。三個(gè)意思都與古羅馬時(shí)用天平“稱量”金銀“支付”費(fèi)用一事相關(guān)聯(lián),而稱量的東西是必須“懸掛”在天平上的。三者之中,“懸掛”是基本義。
depend [de-=down下;pend=to hang懸掛→“to hang down form some-thing掛在某物下”→“be supported by something靠某物支持”→] v.① rely (on)依靠;依賴:All living things depend on air.萬(wàn)物生長(zhǎng)都有賴于空氣。② be determined取決于:Whether we go for an outing depends on the weather.去不去郊游要看天氣而定。
▽dependence [depend;ence n.] n.依靠;從屬
dependant [depend;-ant n.] n.受贍養(yǎng)者;侍從
dependent [depend;-ent a.] a.依靠的;由……決定的;從屬的
independent [in-=not不;dependent a.依賴的→] a.① not relying on獨(dú)立的:independent thinking獨(dú)立思考② self-governing自治的:inde-pendent country主權(quán)國(guó)家
▽independence [in-;depend;-ence n.] n.獨(dú)立;自主
independency [in-;depend;-ency n.] n.獨(dú)立;獨(dú)立國(guó)
suspend [sus-(sub-)=under在……之下;pend=to hang懸掛→“to hang under掛在……之下”→] v.① hang from a supporter above吊;懸:The lamp is suspended from the ceiling.電燈從天花板掛下。② put off for a period of time使懸而不決,暫停:to suspend talks中止會(huì)談
▽suspense [sus-;pens;-e] n.懸而不決;未定
suspensor [sus-;pens;-or n.] n.吊繃帶
suspension [sus-;pens;-ion n.] n.懸,吊;暫停,中止
suspensive [sus-;pens;-ive a.] a.暫停的;懸而未決的
append [ap-(ad-)=to到;pend=to hang掛→“to hang to a main body掛到某主體上”→] v. add附加:I want to append some words to the drawing.我要給圖樣附上文字說(shuō)明。
▽appendage [append;-age n.] n.附加物;附屬物
appendant/appendent [append;-ant/-ent a.] a.附加的;附屬的
pendulum [pend=to hang掛;-ulum (-um) n.=thing物→“thing that hangs懸掛著的東西”→] n. thing hanging from a fixed point so as to swing freely, as in a clock懸擺;鐘擺:simple pendulum單擺
▽pendular [pendul(um);-ar a.] a.鐘擺運(yùn)動(dòng)的;擺動(dòng)的
pendulous [pendul(um);-ous a.] a.懸垂的;擺動(dòng)的
以下分析幾個(gè)包含“稱量”或“支付”概念的同根詞。
expend [ex-=out出;pend=to pay支付→] v.① pay out, or spend付出;花費(fèi):He expended lots of time in writing this book.他花許多時(shí)間寫這本書(shū)。② use up用盡:Don't expend your energy on such a foolish business.別在這種蠢事上耗盡精力。
▽expenditure [expend;-iture n.] n.支出;支出額
expense [ex-;pens;-e] n.花費(fèi);消耗
expensive [ex-;pens;-ive a.] a.花費(fèi)多的;昂貴的
dispense [dis-=apart分開(kāi);pend=to weigh稱;-e→“to weigh apart from the amount從總量中稱出一部分”→] v.① deal out;distribute分發(fā);分配:The machine dispenses coffee to anyone who puts in a coin.只要投入硬幣,這機(jī)器就會(huì)給你一份咖啡。② mix and give out (medicines)配(方);發(fā)(藥):Who dispensed the medicine to you?誰(shuí)給你配的藥?
▽dispensation [dispens(e);-ation n.] n.分配;分配物;配方
dispensary [dispens(e);-ary n.] n.配藥處;藥房
spend [expend或dispense的詞頭脫落形式→] v.① expend (time)消耗(時(shí)間):He spent three years writing this book.他花三年時(shí)間寫這本書(shū)。② dispense or give out (money) in payment花費(fèi)(金錢):How much did you spend on the car?你買這部車花了多少錢?
▽spendable [spend;-able a.] a.可花費(fèi)的
compensate [com-=together一起;pens=to weigh稱;-ate v.=to make使……→“to make one thing weighed together with another so as to make a balance使某物與其他物一起稱,以達(dá)到平衡”→] v. make a balancing payment for some loss;make up賠償;補(bǔ)償:to compensate the workers injured at work賠償負(fù)工傷的工人
▽compensation [compensat(e);-ion n.] n.補(bǔ)償;賠償;賠償費(fèi)
compensator [compensat(e);-or n.] n.賠償者;(機(jī)器)補(bǔ)償器
2021大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)英語(yǔ)詞根練習(xí)100天(匯總)
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