四級(jí)聽(tīng)力段落題答題技巧總結(jié)二

7. 災(zāi)難危機(jī)分析題

【環(huán)境污染――資源短缺――人口爆炸――交通阻塞――犯罪現(xiàn)象――吸毒離婚自殺】

○災(zāi)難危機(jī)的類型及人類的憂慮

○災(zāi)難危機(jī)的起因、嚴(yán)重程度及危害

○人類的對(duì)策、解決方法

8. 大學(xué)課堂講座題

【由某權(quán)威人物講授某個(gè)領(lǐng)域的相關(guān)知識(shí)】

○講座發(fā)言人自我介紹、提出講座主題

○某個(gè)領(lǐng)域的問(wèn)題、發(fā)展?fàn)顩r、有趣的概念術(shù)語(yǔ)(經(jīng)常用數(shù)據(jù)說(shuō)明)

○最具代表性的專家、事例、結(jié)論及原因

○此領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展前景，有可能引出下次課討論的話題

9. 實(shí)驗(yàn)和調(diào)查研究題

【國(guó)外某大學(xué)進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)特殊調(diào)查、實(shí)驗(yàn)、研究或統(tǒng)計(jì)】

○用一個(gè)日常生活事實(shí)引出話題

○描述美國(guó)某大學(xué)進(jìn)行的調(diào)查實(shí)驗(yàn)：數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)、目的及結(jié)果

○對(duì)結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析，得出相關(guān)推論

○實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的合理性及局限性，專家對(duì)此結(jié)論的看法

10. 新聞廣播題

【典型內(nèi)容：災(zāi)難――事故――罷工――沖突――搶劫】

○開(kāi)篇句是播音員提及播音時(shí)間和自己姓名。如：The time is 7 o’clock, and this is Amily Brown with the news.

○第二句為關(guān)鍵句，多為長(zhǎng)句，介紹某災(zāi)難或事故的發(fā)生時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、原因、結(jié)果(when, where, who, why, which and how)，同時(shí)帶出準(zhǔn)確的受傷死亡人數(shù)

○詳細(xì)介紹災(zāi)難事故的發(fā)生背景和過(guò)程

○地方當(dāng)局采取的措施，通常是正在做出的努力

二、四六級(jí)段落題中常見(jiàn)的重要信息提示語(yǔ)

聽(tīng)者在聽(tīng)音過(guò)程中要積極思維、快速反應(yīng)，特別要注意表示句與句之間關(guān)系的信息提示語(yǔ)，并借此發(fā)現(xiàn)句與句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，確定重要信息。聽(tīng)者要想從結(jié)構(gòu)上把握篇章，就要順著指示語(yǔ)預(yù)期何時(shí)可能開(kāi)始談?wù)撘粋€(gè)話題、何時(shí)出現(xiàn)講述的重點(diǎn)以及何時(shí)可能轉(zhuǎn)換話題，請(qǐng)注意以下的信息提示語(yǔ)。

1. 數(shù)字信息及相關(guān)事實(shí)

【普通數(shù)字、小數(shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)、百分比、價(jià)格、比率、年代、時(shí)刻】

□ The earth’s crust is divided into seven sections.

□ There are only 24 well qualified male students at the Deep Spring College.

□ A job interview usually lasts from 30 to 45 minutes.

□ Middle English extended from about 1100 to about 1475.

□ “I taught my minority students English and Drama classes in high school for 20 years.

□ Dry ice was first manufactured in 1925.

□ Tuition will be on an average of 9 percent higher this year than last.

2. 因果關(guān)系提示語(yǔ)(原因?yàn)榭疾辄c(diǎn))

【因?yàn)椋捎冢?歸因于(原因在后)】

□as…, since…, because…, now that…, considering…, given…, for reason that…,the reason why…is…, because of…, owing to…, on account of…, as a result of…, for the sake of…, due to…, result from…，thanks to…，attribute…to…

【導(dǎo)致，引起，成為…原因(原因在前)】

□…cause…, …lead to…, …bring about…, …contribute to…, …result in…, …account for…, trigger off…, …responsible for…, …to blame for…

【因此，所以(原因在前)】

□…and so…, …Therefore…, …Thus…, …Hence…, …As a result…, …That’s why…, …For this reason…, …Accordingly…, …As a consequence…, …Consequently…, so… that…, too…to…

3. 觀點(diǎn)提出及列舉

【觀點(diǎn)論題的提出】

□ Today, I"m going to discuss/ introduce/ talk about/ explain……

□ My speech will focus upon/center around/concentrate on……

□ The subject/topic/propose for today’s lecture/discussion is……

□ Today, people are increasingly concerned about/aware of the gravity of……

□ When it comes to……

【話題的另外一個(gè)方面或反面】

□ Another point I want to mention is ……

□ In addition ..., Besides ..., Apart from ..., Aside from ..., Moreover ..., Furthermore ...,What"s more…

□ On the contrary ..., However ..., But on the other hand..., Conversely ..., By contrast …, ...whereas ... A totally different picture lies in ...

【列舉話題的各個(gè)方面】

□ First/Firstly... …Second/Secondly... …Third/Thirdly… ... Lastly……

□ To begin with.….. Next…… Furthermore…... Finally…...

□ In the first place.….. In the second place…... Moreover…... By the way…...

□ Above all…... In addition…... Then.….. Afterward…... Last but not least…...

□ On the one hand… ... On the other hand…...

□ For one thing…... For another…...

【話題結(jié)束的總結(jié)語(yǔ)】

□In short/brief.……Briefly…...Summing up/To sum up…...Summarizing/To summarize…...To conclude…...In conclusion……As a result…...In general…...Generally speaking…...All in all…...By and large……On the whole…...On this basis…...Given all these aspects…...Everything considered…...Finally, it can be concluded/inferred/deduced that……

4. 論說(shuō)文主題關(guān)鍵詞

【名詞】

□The point / idea / view / opinion / truth / fact / cause / reason / problem / question / answer / solution / explanation / threat / challenge / dilemma / difficulty / method / gist / propose / object / goal / motive / attitude / reaction / plan / first step / only way / controversy / conflict / dispute / argument / proof / evidence / advice / suggestion / proposal / request / requirement / standard / limitation / decision / intention / effect / result / consequence / duty / responsibility / task / danger / trouble / crisis / barrier / hope / possibility / exception / surprise is ……

【動(dòng)詞】

□point out / advance / suggest / advice / emphasize / comment / explain / require / conclude / insist / maintain / hold it true that / believe / stick to / criticize / refute / prove / try to / attempt to / intend to / plan to / dream of / decide to / resolve to / determine to / object to / support / advocate / approve / agree / disapprove / disagree / prefer / claim / declare / deny / admit / endanger / mean

【形容詞(所有形容詞的最高級(jí)形式)】

□important / essential / critical / vital / dangerous / indispensable / necessary / urgent / best / biggest / serious / severe / grave / possible / impossible / likely / unlikely / surprised / unexpected / unusual / disappointed / desperate / special / unique / different / distinctive / direct / difficult / rare

【其它特殊表達(dá)方式】

□the only / the first / the last / except / with the exception of / especially / but / however / nevertheless / otherwise / unless / only if / so long as / on condition that / actually / as a matter of fact

三、段落理解題的題目設(shè)置規(guī)律

○段首句開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山引出主題或故事發(fā)生環(huán)境，往往設(shè)置為考點(diǎn)

○因果關(guān)系中的原因是必考內(nèi)容，不管直接或間接提到的原因都會(huì)用why來(lái)提問(wèn)

○形容詞副詞最高級(jí)形式一旦出現(xiàn)，則此句即成為考點(diǎn)，如：the most important reason is……; their biggest trouble was……; he worked most efficiently when ……

○故事題中的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵動(dòng)詞，人物所說(shuō)的一句意味深長(zhǎng)的話需要找到同義解釋

○說(shuō)明文中的數(shù)字年代和概念往往需要在選項(xiàng)中重新定位

○人物題中的重要年代及相關(guān)歷史事件需要重新搭配定位，不做記錄容易混淆

○議論文中有時(shí)自問(wèn)自答，問(wèn)題將成為考題，回答內(nèi)容即正確選項(xiàng)

○議論文中只要出現(xiàn)I think……, I believe it’s true that……, In my opinion……等表達(dá)，就會(huì)重新問(wèn)及speaker的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度; 沒(méi)有這些表達(dá)則段首句是其觀點(diǎn)。