四級閱讀模擬題練習(xí)34：研究表明每天兩瓶含糖飲料或使味蕾變遲鈍

熟悉四級閱讀理解題型的同學(xué)應(yīng)該都了解，英語四級考試的閱讀理解材料大多選自《時(shí)代》《衛(wèi)報(bào)》《今日美國》等外刊。要想閱讀理解這部分拿到高分，必須在平常多閱讀，掌握新詞匯，鍛煉閱讀速度。

為此小編每日精選了《衛(wèi)報(bào)》《時(shí)代》等外刊上的文章供大家進(jìn)行閱讀練習(xí)。

本篇閱讀材料“研究表明每天兩瓶含糖飲料或使味蕾變遲鈍”選自《衛(wèi)報(bào)》(原文標(biāo)題：Two sugary drinks a day can dull taste buds, study claims 2011.6.9)。如果大家覺得比較簡單，就當(dāng)作泛讀材料了解了解，認(rèn)識幾個(gè)新單詞或新表達(dá)方式也不錯(cuò)。如果大家覺得這些材料理解上有難度，不妨當(dāng)做挑戰(zhàn)自己的拔高訓(xùn)練，希望大家都有進(jìn)步^^

Consuming just two sugary drinks a day can dull the taste buds and lead to cravings for high-calorie food, a study claims.

The research suggests that within a month those who drink sugary beverages are left with a dulled sensitivity to sweet tastes. This leads to an increased preference for high-calorie and sugar-laden foods, creating a "vicious cycle" as consumers look for their next treat.

Those who do not have a sweet tooth are particularly at risk of developing one after drinking sugary beverages, even if they are slim and active.

Experts who carried out the research at the universities of Bristol and Bangor expressed surprise at how quickly tastes could be dulled by exposure to sweet drinks. Lucy Donaldson, of the University of Bristol, said: "We have known for some time that the way we perceive different tastes can change under different circumstances. Finding that two sweet drinks a day over a short time can dramatically change taste was a real surprise."

In the trial lean and obese people rated their perception and enjoyment of sweet and salty tastes. The obese participants tended to rate identical drinks as less sweet than the lean ones did.

The experts then recruited only lean people who did not usually consume sugary drinks. Their sensitivity to sweet drinks was tested and they were asked to consume a sugary drink twice a day. A month later, when they were re-tested, their sensitivity to sweet tastes and conscious enjoyment of them had dulled.

Dr Hans-Peter Kubis, of the University of Bangor, said the dulling of tastebuds can lead to a "vicious cycle" as consumers of sugary drinks tend to more sweet and calorie-laden food to compensate.

He said: "This has serious implications for public health. This research shows how little sweet food stuffs are required to actually change your taste perceptions, and how powerful sweet-tasting products are.

"We are heading for a health disaster with rising obesity levels and the increasingincidence of type 2 diabetes. From our research it is clear to see how this situation may have created a cycle of sweet food and drink consumption. As taste satisfaction levels drop; the more sweet foods are consumed, contributing to these problems."

【重點(diǎn)單詞及短語】

taste bud 味蕾

craving for 對……的渴望

preference for 偏愛……;優(yōu)先選擇

sugar-laden adj. 富含糖分的

sweet tooth 喜好甜食

at risk of 冒……之危險(xiǎn)

perceive v. 察覺;理解;認(rèn)知

lean adj. 瘦的;貧乏的 v. 傾斜;倚靠;傾向

obese adj. 肥胖的，過胖的

compensate v. 補(bǔ)償，賠償

head for 前往;出發(fā);取向于

Question time:

1. What if we are left with a dulled sensitivity to sweet tastes?

2. According to the research, what's the consequence of a dulled sensitivity to sweet tastes?