2015年6月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)備考筆記：長(zhǎng)篇閱讀篇

　　一、題型概覽

　　(一)背景和考試綜合

　　快速閱讀有兩個(gè)變化：一是位置發(fā)生了變化，由原來(lái)的Part II調(diào)至Part III里的Section B, 即由原來(lái)的單獨(dú)部分，變成了與其他的閱讀理解放在一起;另一個(gè)變化就是題目形式的變化，由原來(lái)的多項(xiàng)選擇題變成了段落信息匹配題。這一變化更挑戰(zhàn)考生對(duì)于文章的理解程度和信息定位的能力，應(yīng)該說(shuō)是加大了難度。

　　四級(jí)考試中快速閱讀調(diào)整為長(zhǎng)篇閱讀順應(yīng)了時(shí)代發(fā)展的要求。該題型主要考查段落信息匹配。在篩選信息的過(guò)程中，要求考生在把握文章整體的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)文章的一些細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行整理、歸納以及同義轉(zhuǎn)換。這意味著考生不僅要讀懂文章，還要對(duì)所掌握的信息進(jìn)行加工處理。

　　(二)文章特點(diǎn)

　　通過(guò)試卷可知，長(zhǎng)篇閱讀的文章長(zhǎng)度、難度、體裁、題材、題目數(shù)量、考試時(shí)間、所占分值等都不變。

　　(三)試題特點(diǎn)

　　1.題干中的細(xì)節(jié)信息往往反映文章的主旨和段落主題。通過(guò)快速地閱讀題干中的若干細(xì)節(jié)信息，考生可以迅速了解原文的主旨大意。

　　2.題干提供的細(xì)節(jié)信息中往往暗含一些說(shuō)明文或議論文所必需的邏輯關(guān)系，考生可以利用這種關(guān)系預(yù)先對(duì)一些表達(dá)進(jìn)行排序，這對(duì)于解答信息匹配題有著非常重要的意義。

　　3.提干提供的信息表達(dá)中通常包括如下三類：能夠指示開(kāi)頭段的詞，如overview, introduction, initiation, main idea, definition 等;能夠指示結(jié)尾段的詞，如future, solution, conclusion, suggestion, summary 等;能夠幫助考生回原文定位的特殊詞，如rate, ration, proportion, percentage, number, figure, statistical demographics 等。

　　4.有些試題題干中的細(xì)節(jié)信息往往會(huì)和原文的其他某一題目聯(lián)系密切，考生可通過(guò)先解答原文的其他題目來(lái)獲得解答題目的線索和提示性信息。

　　樣題分析：

　　Section B

　　Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains in information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

　　文章大意：本文主要講述大學(xué)在增強(qiáng)國(guó)家實(shí)力和促進(jìn)國(guó)際化交流等方面的巨大作用。A段總括全文，指出當(dāng)代大學(xué)對(duì)國(guó)家強(qiáng)盛和世界和平起著至關(guān)重要的作用。B-E段講述各個(gè)大學(xué)自覺(jué)走上全球化道路。F-I段講研究型大學(xué)促成了美國(guó)的騰飛，但仍有諸多因素制約這種大學(xué)的發(fā)展。

　　46. American universities prepare their undergraduates for global careers by giving them chances for international study or internship.

　　解析：定位到D段第3、4句：And in the United States, institutions are helping place students in summer internships(實(shí)習(xí)) abroad to prepare them for global careers. Yale and Harvard have led the way, offering every undergraduate at least one international study or internship opportunity—and providing the financial resources to make it possible.

　　47. Since the mid-1970s, the enrollment of overseas students has increased at an annual rate of 3.9 percent.

　　解析：定位到C段第2句：Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.9 percent, from 800,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2004.

　　48. The enrollment of international students will have a positive impact on America rather than threaten its competitiveness.

　　解析：定位到I段第1句：Most Americans recognize that universities contribute to the nation’s well-being through their scientific research, but many fear that foreign students threaten American competitiveness by taking their knowledge and skills back home. They fail to grasp that welcoming foreign students to the United States has two important positive effects: first, the very best of them stay in the States and—like immigrants throughout history—strengthen the nation;

　　49. The way research is carried out in universities has changed as a result of globalization.

　　解析：定位到E段：Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done.

　　50. Of the newly hired professors in science and engineering in the United States, twenty percent come from foreign countries.

　　解析：定位到C段末句：In the United States, 20 percent of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born, and in China many newly hired faculty members at the top research universities received their graduate education abroad.