英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀練習(xí)附答案-87 辦公室八卦

　　Is 0ffice Gossip Helpful or Hurtful

 

　　Do you take part in office gossip? I don't like to think of myself as a gossip, but I have to admit I often do it In my turbulent industry，I justify my behavior -perhaps wrongly -by reasoning that gossip helps me get information and figure out what is going on.

　　Amid a rise in office gossip，researchers are disagreeing over whether it is fundamentally good or bad. Some defend it as a way of building bonds among people and sharing essential information. But others hold that office gossip can be savage and destructive, as the New York Times reports. (At one company, PrintingForLess.com, which has a strict no-gossip policy, gossiping about colleagues can become a firing offense.)

　　In one case analyzed in a scholarly journal, middle school teachers' gossip about their principal became so poisonous that the principal retaliated, many teachers fled the schoo1 and students' test scores declined. In this case, gossip amounted to "a form of warfare that brought everyone down."

　　On the other hand, less malignant gossip that stops short of repeating lies or breaching confidences can serve as a source of understanding, Gossip helps us analyze the motivations of other people, and enables those low on the food chain, in particular, to understand how power is used in their organizations, says this New York Times article. It is relaxing, it brings people together, and as a pastime it beats gambling, drinking or doing drugs，this reasoning holds.

　　Whatever side you take, gossip is here to stay. It is a universal human practice and it is too complex to say it is either good or bad, a University of Colorado researcher says. When researchers at Case Western University asked students to cite 1essons they had 1earned from gossip, the students gave these examples: "Infidelity will eventually catch up with you" and "Cheerfu1 peop1e are not oecessari1y happy." This positive dimension of gossip was featured receot1y in the news1etter Work & Family Life.

　　I have seen gossip he1p co-workers in some places where I have work, giving rise to compassion or offers of support when someone is going though hard times. On the other hand, I have also seen gossip over an office romance, for example-distract people from the work and even force unwanted transfers.

　　辦公室八卦是好還是壞

　　辦公室里的八卦你會(huì)參加嗎?我不想讓人覺(jué)得我八卦，但我也承認(rèn)我常會(huì)參與其中。在我這個(gè)千變?nèi)f化的行業(yè)中，我認(rèn)為我的行為是合理的，理由是八卦可以幫我獲得信息，弄清形勢(shì)——這樣想也許是錯(cuò)誤的。

　　隨著辦公室八卦的興起，研究人員對(duì)它到底是好還是壞也存在不同看法。一些人為它辯解說(shuō)，這是同事間建立關(guān)系和分享必要信息的一種途徑。但根據(jù)《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》的報(bào)導(dǎo)，也有人認(rèn)為，辦公室八卦可能十分低級(jí)，具有破壞性。(一家名為PrintingForLess.com的公司制定了嚴(yán)格限制八卦的政策，談?wù)撏碌拈e話可能面臨解雇。)

　　在某學(xué)校期刊分析的一個(gè)案例中，中學(xué)教師對(duì)他們校長(zhǎng)的八卦很壞，以至于校長(zhǎng)進(jìn)行了報(bào)復(fù)，很多教師逃離了學(xué)校，學(xué)生的考成績(jī)一落千丈。在這個(gè)案例中，八卦成為了一種損人不利己的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。

　　另一方面，沒(méi)有重復(fù)謊言或泄漏機(jī)密的不存惡意的八卦可能帶來(lái)互相理解?！都~約時(shí)報(bào)》的文章說(shuō)，閑談可以幫助我們分析其他人的動(dòng)機(jī)，尤其是那些處于食物鏈低端的人可以了解所處組織中的權(quán)力是如何使用的。它是一種放松，可以讓人們?nèi)谇ⅲ鳛橐环N消遣它比賭博、飲酒或吸毒要好，這種判斷也不無(wú)道理。

　　無(wú)論你站在哪一面，八卦都不會(huì)改變。美國(guó)科羅拉多大學(xué)的研究人員說(shuō)，這是人類普遍存在的，很難說(shuō)清到底是好是壞。當(dāng)凱斯西大學(xué)的研究人員要求學(xué)生列出從八卦中得到的教訓(xùn)時(shí)，學(xué)生舉出的例子有：“最終將眾叛親離"和"快樂(lè)的人不一定幸福”。最近的《工作家庭生活》通訊提到了八卦的積極一面。

　　我看到八卦在我曾工作過(guò)的一些地方給同事帶來(lái)了好處，增進(jìn)了感情或給遇到困難的人提供了支持。另一方面，我也看到八卦一一比如針對(duì)辦公室戀情，分散了人們的工作精力，甚至帶來(lái)了意想之外的變動(dòng)。

　　句型講解：

　　1. In one case analyzed in a scholarly journal, middle school teachers' gossip about their principal became so poisonous that the principal retaliated, many teachers fled the schoo1 and students' test scores declined.

　　本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，主句是middle school teacher' gossip about their principal became so poisonous.其中about their principal介詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾gossip。后面that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，與so相呼應(yīng)。前面in one case...journal介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，其中analyzed in a scholarly journal過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾case。

　　語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)：介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句

　　2. Gossip helps us analyze the motivations of other people, and enables those low on the food chain, in particular, to understand how power is used in their organizations, says this New York Times article.

　　本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。 says前面的成分充當(dāng)says的賓語(yǔ)。其中 analyze...other people是help的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。to understand... organizations不定式短語(yǔ)作enables的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。其中bow引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，作understand的賓語(yǔ)。

　　語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)：賓語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

　　3. I have seen gossip he1p co-workers in some places where I have work, giving rise to compassion or offers of support when someone is going though hard times.

　　本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。gossip help co-workers in some places where I have worked是省略了引導(dǎo)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句，作seen的賓語(yǔ)，其中where引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾place。giving rise to...hard times現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。其中when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

　　語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)：賓語(yǔ)從句，定語(yǔ)從句，分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句