2021年6月大學(xué)英語四級閱讀真題以及答案（三）

英語四級閱讀，作為大學(xué)英語能力的重要評估指標，不僅檢驗了學(xué)生對詞匯、語法的掌握，更考察了其閱讀理解和信息篩選的能力。在全球化背景下，提升這一能力對于拓寬視野、增進跨文化交流至關(guān)重要。今天，小編將分享2021年6月大學(xué)英語四級閱讀真題以及答案（卷三），希望能為大家提供幫助！

Section A

Directions: In this section,there isa passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the cntre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more thanonce.

Nowadays you can't buy anything without then being asked to provide a rating of a company's performance on a five-star scale.

I've been asked to rate my“store  26  ”on the EFTPOS terminal before I can pay.Even the most  27  activities,such as calling Telstra or picking up a parcel from Australia Post,are followed by texts or emails with surveys asking,“How did we do?”

Online purchases are  28  followed up by a customer satisfaction survey.Companies areso  29  for a hit of stars that if you delete the survey the company sends you another one.

We're  30  to rate our apps when we've barely had a chance to use them.One online course provider I use asks you what you think of the course after you've only completed  31  2 per cent of it.

Economist Jason Murphy says that companies use customer satisfaction ratings because a  32  display of star feedback has become the nuclear power sources of the modern economy.

However,youcan't help but  33  if these companiesarebasing theirbusinesson fabrications(捏造的東西).I     34  that with online surveys I just clickthe  35  that's closest tomy mouse cursor (光標)to get the damn thingoff my screen.Often the star ratingI give has far more to do with the kind of day I'm having than the purchase I just made.

A)announce      F)fascinated     K)shining

B)commonplace    G)option        L)showering

C)confess       H)prompted      M)variety

D)desperate      I)roughly       N)voyage

E)experience     J)routinely     O)wonder

答案解析

26.E)【語義判斷】本句意為：在付款之前，我被要求在EFTPOS終端上對“店鋪”______進行評分。由第一段可知，每次購買東西以后，都需要對該公司的表現(xiàn)進行評分，也就是顧客對店鋪體驗評分，因此空格處應(yīng)填入含有“體驗，經(jīng)歷”意義的名詞，故本題答案為E)experience。

27.B)【語義判斷】本句意為：即使是最______的活動，比如打電話給澳洲電信或從澳大利亞郵政領(lǐng)取包裹，也會收到短信或電子郵件調(diào)查，詢問“我們做得怎么樣?”。由列舉的例子可知，這些都是很常見的事情，因此空格處應(yīng)填入含有“常見的，普通的”意義的形容詞，故本題答案為 B)commonplace。

28.J)【語義判斷】本句意為：網(wǎng)上購物之后______會有客戶滿意度調(diào)查。第一段提到，購買任何東西都需要評分，那么網(wǎng)購也不例外。因此空格處應(yīng) 填入含有“通?！币饬x的副詞，備選副詞中J) routinely“例行地，慣常地”最符合句意，故為本題答案。

29.D)【語義判斷】本句意為：很多公司都______需要 星評，所以如果你刪除了調(diào)查，公司就會再給你發(fā)一個。由句意可知，很多公司會鍥而不舍地追著  顧客讓他們點評，因為他們非常需要顧客的評價， 因此空格處應(yīng)填入含有“迫切的，急需的”意義的形容詞，故本題答案為D)desperate。

30.H)【語義判斷】本句意為：當我們才剛剛有機會使用  一些應(yīng)用軟件時，我們就會______給它們打分。 由下一句可知， 一個在線課程提供商在顧客剛剛使用不久時，就催促顧客為其打分，因此空格處應(yīng)填入含有“催促，促使”意義的詞，故本題答案為H)prompted。

31.I)【語義判斷】本句意為：我使用過的一家在線課程 提供商在你只完成了_____2%的課程后，就詢 問你對這門課程的看法。由句意可知，2%未必是 確切的數(shù)字，是強調(diào)剛剛使用不久，因此空格處應(yīng) 填入含有“大約”意義的詞，故本題答案為I) roughly。另外一個備選副詞J)routinely不符合 句意，因此排除。

32.K)【語義判斷】空格所在部分意為：因為一個______星星反饋已經(jīng)成為現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟的核心影響力來源。根據(jù)前文可知，商家評分用的是星星，而星星通常給人閃閃發(fā)光的聯(lián)想，因此空格處應(yīng)填 入含有“閃亮的”意義的形容詞，故本題答案為K)shining。

33.O)【語義判斷】本句意為：然而，你不禁______ ,這 些公司的業(yè)務(wù)是否以捏造的東西為基礎(chǔ)。由句意可知，if 在此處意為“是否”,因此空格處應(yīng)填入含有“想知道，想了解”意義的動詞，故本題答案為 O)wonder,

34.C) 【語義判斷】本句意為：我______,在做網(wǎng)上調(diào)查時，我只是點擊離我鼠標光標最近的______,以便把這討厭的東西從屏幕上弄掉。上一句提到，公司的業(yè)務(wù)也許是基于編造的東西，而本句作者 以自身為例進行說明。因此空格處應(yīng)填入含有“承認”意義的動詞，故本題答案為C)confess。

35.G)【語義判斷】本句意為：在做網(wǎng)上調(diào)查時，我只是點 擊離我鼠標光標最近的______ ,以便把這討厭的東西從屏幕上弄掉。根據(jù)常識可知，做問卷調(diào) 查就是根據(jù)實際情況選擇不同的回答。因此空格處應(yīng)填入含有“答案，選項”意義的名詞，故本題答案為G)option。

Section B

Directions:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement  contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questionsby marking the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2.

Science of setbacks:How failure can improve career prospects

A)How do early career setbacks affect our long-term succes?Failures can help us learn and overcome our fears.But disasters can still wound us.They can screw us up and set us back.Wouldn't it be nice if there was genuine,scientifically documented truth to the expression“what doesn't kill you makes you stronger"?

B)One way social scientists have probed the effects of career setbacks is to look at scientists of very similar qualifications.These scientists,for reasons that are mostly arbitrary,either just missed getting a research grant or just barely made it.In social sciences,this isknown as examining“near misses”and “narrow wins”in areas where merit is subjective.That allows researchers to measure only the effects of being chosen or not.Studies in this area have found conflicting results.In the competitive game of biomedical science,research has been done on scientistswho narrowly lost or won grant money.It suggests that narrow winners become even bigger winners down the line.In other words,the rich get richer.

C)A 2018 study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,for example,followed researchers in the Netherlands.Researchers concluded that those who just barely qualified for a grant were able to get twice as much money within the nexteight years as those who just missed out.And the narrow winners were 50 percent more likely to be given a professorship.

D)Others in the US have found similar effectswith National Institutes of Health early-career fellowships launching narrow winners far ahead of close losers.The phenomenon is often referred to as the Matthew  effect,inspired by the Bible's wisdom that to thosewho have,more will be given.There's a good explanation for the phenomenon in the book The Formula:The Universal Laws of Success by Albert Laszlo Barabasi.According to Barabasi,it's easier and less risky for those in positions of power to choose to hand awards and funding to those who've already been so recognized.

E)This is bad news for the losers.Small early career setbacks seem to have a disproportionate effect down the line.What didn't kill them made them weaker.But other studies using the same technique have shown there's sometimes no penalty to a near miss.Students who just miss getting into top high schoolsor universities do just as well later in life as those who just manage to get accepted.In this case,what didn't kill them simply  didn't matter.So is there any evidence that setbacks might actually improve ourcareer prospects?There is now.

F)In a study published in Nature Communications,Northwestern University sociologist Dashun Wang tracked more than 1,100 scientists who were on the border between getting a grant and missing out between 1990 and 2005.He followed various measures of performance over the next decade.These included how many papers they authored and how influential those papers were,as measured by the numberof subsequent citations.As expected,there was a much higher rate of attrition(減員)among scientists whodidn't get grants.But amongthose who stayed on,the close losers performed even better than the narrow winners.To make sure this wasn't by chance,Wang conducted additional tests using  different performance measures.He examined howmanytimespeople were first  authors on influential studies,and the like.

G) One straightforward reason close losers might outperform narrow winners is that the two groups have  comparable ability.In Wang'sstudy,he selected the most determined,passionate scientists from the loser group and culled(剔除)what he deemed the weakest members of the winner group.Yet the persevering losers stil came  out on top.He thinks that being a close loser might give people a psychological boost,or the proverbial kick in the pants.

H) Utrecht University sociologist Arnout van de Rijt was the lead author on the 2018 paper showing the rich get richer.Hesaid the newfinding is apparently reasonable and worth some attention.His own work showed that although the narrow winners did get much more money in the near future,the actual performance of the close losers was just as good.

I）He said the people who should be paying regard to the Wang paper are the funding agents who distribute  government grant money.After all,bycontinuing to pile riches on the narrow winners,the taxpayers are not gettingthe maximum bang for their buck if the close losers are performing just as well or even better.There's a huge amount of time and effort that goes into the process of selecting who gets grants,he said,and the latest research shows that the scientific establishment is not very good at distributing money.“Maybe we should spend less money trying to figure out who isbetter than who,”he said,suggesting that some moreequal dividing up of money might be more productiveand more efficient.Van de Rijt said he's not convinced that losing out gives people a psychological boost.It may yet be a selection effect.Even though Wang tried to account for this by culling the weakest winners,it's impossible to know which of the winners would have quit had they found themselves on the losing side

J) For his part,Wangsaid that in his own experience,losing did light a motivating fire.He recalled a recent paper he submitted to a journal,whichaccepted it only to request extensive editing,and then reversed course and rejected it.He submitted the unedited version to a more respected journal and got accepted.

K) In sports and many areas of life,we think of failures as evidence of something we could have done better.We  regard these disappointments as a fate we could have avoided with more careful preparation,different training,a better strategy,or more focus.And there it makes sense that failures show us the road to success.Thesepapers deal with a kind of failure people have little control over—rejection.Others determine who wins and who  loses.But at the veryleast,the research is starting to show that earlysetbacks don't have to be fatal.They might even make us better at our jobs.Getting paid like a winner,though?That's a different matter.

36.Being a close loser could greatly motivate one to persevere in their research.

37.Grant awarders tend to favor researchers already recognized in their respective fields. 

38.Suffering early setbacks might help people improve their job performance.

39.Research by social scientists on the effects of career setbacks has produced contradictory findings.

40.It is not to the best interest of taxpayers to keep giving money to narrow winners.

41.Scientists who persisted in research without receiving a grant made greater achievements than those whogot one with luck,as suggested in one study.

42.A research paper rejected by one journal may get accepted by another.

43.According to one recent study,narrow winners of research grants had better chances to be promoted to professors.

44.One researcher suggests it might be more fruitful to distribute grants on a relatively equal basis.

45.Minor setbacks in their earlycareer may have a strong negative effect on the career of close losers

答案解析

36.【定位】由題干中的 a close loser和persevere in their research定位到文章G)段倒數(shù)第一、二句。

G)【精析】細節(jié)辨認題。倒數(shù)第一句提到，作為一個略輸者可能會給人們帶來心理上的激勵，或俗話所說的一種有激勵效果的意外挫折。題干中的motivate 對 應(yīng) 原 文 中 的 give people a psychological boost,題干中的persevere in their  research對應(yīng)原文中的persevering losers,故答案為G)。 

37.【定位】由題干中的researchers already recognized定位到文章D)段最后一句。

D)【精析】細節(jié)歸納題。定位句指出，巴拉巴西認為對于那些掌權(quán)者來說，選擇把獎項和資金交給那些已經(jīng)得到認可的人更容易，風(fēng)險也更小。題干中的Grant,awarders和researchers already recognized分別對應(yīng)定位句中的those in positions of power和those who've already been so recognized,而題干中的favor表明頒獎?wù)叩膬A向，與定位句中的easier and less risky相對應(yīng)，故答案為D)。

38.【定位】由題干中的early setbacks和job performance定位到文章K)段倒數(shù)第三、四句。    

K)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句提到，但至少，研究開始表明，早期的挫折不一定是致命的。它們甚至可以讓我們在工作上做得更好。題干中的 help people improve their job performance 對應(yīng)原文中的make us betterat our jobs,故答案為K) 。  

39.【定位】由題干中的contradictory findings定位到文章B)段倒數(shù)第四句。

B)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句指出，這一領(lǐng)域的研 究發(fā)現(xiàn)了相互矛盾的結(jié)果。題干中的Research by social scientists  on the effects of career setbacks指的就是定位句中的 Studies in this area, 而題干中的contradictory findings對應(yīng)定位 句中的 conflictingresults, 故答案為B)。

40.【定位】由題干中的the best interest of taxpayers和narrow winners定位到文章I)段第二句。

I)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句提到，如果略輸者表現(xiàn)同樣好甚至更好，通過繼續(xù)把財富積累在少數(shù) 贏家身上，納稅人并沒有得到最大的回報。定位句中的riches指的就是money。題干中的the best interest of taxpayers和keep giving money to narrow winners對應(yīng)原文中的 geting the maximum bang for their buck 和continuing to pile riches on the narrow winners,故答案為I)。

41.【定位】由題干中的Scientists who persisted in research without receiving a grant 和 made greater achievements定位到文章 F)段倒數(shù)第三句。

F) 【精析】細節(jié)辨認題。定位句指出，在那些留下來的人中，略輸者甚至比險勝者表現(xiàn)得更好。題干 中的Scientists who persisted in research without receiving a grant和made greater achievements分別對應(yīng)定位句中的 the close   losers 和performed even better,而題干中的those who got one with luck指的就是定位句中的the narrow winners, 題干中的persisted in research是對定 位句中的stayed on的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為F)。

42.【定位】由題干中的rejected 、one journal和 get accepted定位到文章J)段第二、三句。

J)【精析】細節(jié)歸納題。定位句提到，他回憶起最近他提交給某雜志的一篇論文，該雜志接受了這篇論文，卻要求進行大量的編輯，然后又改口拒絕了這篇論文。他將未經(jīng)編輯的版本提交給了一家更 受尊敬的雜志，并被接受了。題干中的 A research paper 對應(yīng)原文中的a recent paper,題干是對定位句的歸納概括，故答案為J。

43.【定位】由題干中的narrow winners of research grants 、better chances 和 be promoted to professors定位到文章 C)段最后一句。

C)【精析】細節(jié)辨認題。定位句指出，險勝的人獲得 教授職位的可能性高出50%。題干中的narrow winners of research grants和professors分別對應(yīng)定位句中的the narrow winners 和professorship,而題干中的had better chances 就是對定位句中的 were 50 percent more likely的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為C)。

44.【定位】由題干中的 more fruitful、distribute grants 和on a relatively equal basis 定位到文章I)段倒數(shù)第四句。

I)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句指出，也許我們應(yīng)該花更少的錢來弄清楚誰比誰更優(yōu)秀，這暗示一些更平等的資金分配可能會更有成效，更有效率。 題干中的more fruitful 和on a relatively equal basis分別對應(yīng)定位句中的more productive and more efficient 和 more equal,而題干中的distribute grants是對定位句中的 dividing up of money 的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為I)。

45.【定位】由題干中的Minor setbacks in their early career和a strong negativeeffect定位到文章E)段第二、三句。

E)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句提到，職業(yè)生涯早期的小挫折似乎會對未來產(chǎn)生不成比例的影響。那些沒有殺死他們的東西讓他們變得更弱了。題干中的Minor setbacks in their early career 和 a strong negative effect分別對應(yīng)原文中的Small early career setbacks和have a disproportionate effect,故答案為E)。

Section C

Directions:Thereare 2 passages in this section.Each passage isfollowed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there arefour choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Boredom has become trendy.Studies point to how boredom is good for creativity and innovation,as well as mental health.It is found that people are more creative following the completion of a tedious task. When people are bored,they have an increase in“associative thought”—the process of making new connections between ideas,which is linked to innovative thinking.These studies are impressive,but in reality,the benefits of boredom may be related to having time to clear your mind,be quiet,or daydream.

In our stimulation-rich world,it seems unrealistic that boredom could occur at all.Yet,there are valid reasons boredom may feel so painful.As it turns out,boredom might signal the fact that you have a need that isn't being met.

Our always-on world of social media may result in more connections,but they are superficial and can get in the way of building a real sense of belonging.Feeling bored may signal the desire for a greater sense of community and the feeling that you fit in with others around you.So take thestep of joining an organization to build face-to-face relationships.You'llfind depth that you won't get from your  screen no matter how many likes you geton your post.

Similar to the need for belonging,bored people often report that they feel a limited sense of meaning.It's a fundamental humanneed to have a larger purpose and to feel likewe'repartof something bigger than ourselves.When people are bored,they're more likely to feel less meaning in their lives.If you want to reduce boredom and increase your sense of meaning,seek work where you can make a unique contribution,or find a cause you can support with your time and talent.

If your definition of boredomis being quiet,mindful,and reflective,keepit up.But if you're s trugling with  real boredom and the emptiness it provokes,consider whether you might seek new connections and more significant challenges.These are the things that will genuinely relieve boredom and make you more effective in the process.

46.What have studies found about boredom?

A)It facilitates innovative thinking.

B)It is a result of doing boringtasks

C)It helps people connect with others.

D)It does harm to one's mental health

47.What does the author sayboredom might indicate?

A)A need to be left alone.

B)A desire to be fulfilled.

C)A conflict to be resolved.

D)A feeling to be validated.

48.What do we learn about social media from the passage?

A)It may be an obstacle to expanding one's connections.

B)It may get in the way of enhancing one's social status.

C)It may prevent people from developing a genuine sense of community.

D)It may make people feel that they ought to fitin with the outside world.

49.What doesthe author suggest people do to get rid of boredom?

A)Count the likes they get on their posts.

B)Reflect on how they relate toothers.

C)Engagein real-life interactions.

D)Participate in online discussions.

50.What should people do to enhance their sense of meaning?

A)Try to do something original.

B)Confront significant challenges.

C)Define boredom in their unique way.

D)Devote themselves to a worthy cause.

答案解析

46.【定位】由題干中的studies和boredom定位到第一段第二、三句。

A)【精析】細節(jié)辨認題。文章第一段第二句提到，研究指出，無聊是如何有利于創(chuàng)造力的。第三句提到，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們在完成一項枯燥乏味的任務(wù)后更有創(chuàng)造力。第四句進一步指出，當人們感到無聊時，他們會增加“聯(lián)想思維”,這與創(chuàng)新思維有關(guān)。由此可見，科學(xué)家對無聊所做的研究表明，無聊可以激發(fā)人們的創(chuàng)造性思維，故答案為A)。

47.【定位】由題干中的 boredom might indicate定位 到第二段最后一句。

B)【精析】推理判斷題。定位句提到，事實證明，無聊可能表明你的需求沒有得到滿足。由此可知，當人們感到無聊時，這表明人們的某種需求未得到滿足，故答案為B)。

48.【定位】由題干中的social media定位到第三段第 一、二句。

C)【精析】推理判斷題。定位句指出，我們一直在線的社交媒體世界可能會產(chǎn)生更多的聯(lián)系，但這些聯(lián)系是膚淺的，可能會妨礙建立真正的歸屬感。感到無聊可能表明更強烈的群體意識的欲望，并且想要融入你周圍的人之中。由此可見，過多的社交媒體會妨礙我們建立真正的歸屬感，造成群體意識的缺失，故答案為C)。

49.【定位】由題干中的get rid of boredom定位到第三段第三句和最后一段第二、三句。

C)【精析】推理判斷題。第三段第三句提到采取措施加入一個組織，建立面對面的關(guān)系。最后一段第二句提到，如果你正與真正的無聊和它所引發(fā)的空虛作斗爭，考慮一下你是否可能尋求新的聯(lián)系 和更重大的挑戰(zhàn)。這些事情將真正緩解無聊，讓你在這個過程中更有效率。綜合兩部分內(nèi)容可知，答案為C)。

50.【定位】由題干中的 enhance their sense of meaning定位到第四段最后一句。

D)【精析】推理判斷題。定位句指出，如果你想減少無聊感，增加你的意義感，找一份你能做出獨特貢獻的工作，或者找一個你能用時間和才能支持的事業(yè)。由此可見，作者認為，人們想要增加意義感的兩種方法為： 一、找一份可以做出獨特貢獻的工 作；二、找一份能有時間和才能支持的事業(yè)。故答案為D)。

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

Can you remember what you ate yesterday?If asked,most people will be able to give a vague description of their main meals:breakfast,lunch,dinner.But can you be sure you've noted every snack bar in your car,or every handful of nuts at your desk?Most people will have a feeling that they've missed something out.

We originally had this suspicion back in 2016,puzzled by the fact that national statistics showed calorie consumption falling dramatically over past decades.We found reliable evidence that people were drastically under-reporting what they ate.

Now the Office for National Statistics has confirmed that we are consuming 50%more calories than our national statistics claim.

Why is this happening?We can point to at least three potential causes.One is the rise in obesity levels itself.Under-reporting rates are much higher for obese people,because they  simply consume more food, and thus have more toremember.

Another cause is that the proportion of people who are trying to lose weight has been increasing over  time.People who want to lose weight are more likely to under-report their eating regardless of whether they areoverweight or not.This may be driven partly by self-deception or“wishful thinking”

The final potential cause is an increase in snacking and eating out over recent decades—both in terms of how often they happen and how much they contribute to our overall energy intake.Again,there is evidence that food consumed out of the home is one of the most poorly recorded categoriesin surveys.

So,what's the message conveyed?For statistics,we should invest in more accurate measurement options.For policy,we need to focus on options that make it easy for people to eat fewer calories.If people do not know how much they are eating,it can be really hard for them to stick to a diet.Also,we should be looking for new ways to ensure what people eat wouldn't have much impact on their waistlines.

If this works,it won't matter if they can't remember what they ate yesterday.

51.What did the author suspectback in 2016?

A)Calorie consumption had fallen drastically over the decades.

B)Most people surveyed were reluctant to reveal what they ate.

C)The national statistics did not reflect theactual calorie consumption

D)Most people did not include snacks when reporting their calorie intake.

52.What has the Office for National Statisticsverified?

A)People'scalorie intake was far from accurately reported.

B)The missing outof main mealsleads to the habitof snacking.

C)The nation's obesity level has much to do with calorie intake.

D)Calorie consumption is linked to the amount of snacks one eats.

53.What do we learn about obese people from the passage?

A)They usually keeptheir eating habits a secret.

B)They overlook the potentialcauses of obesity.

C)Theycannot help eatingmore than they should.

D)They have difficulty recalling what they have eaten.

54.What often goes unnoticed in surveys on food consurnption?

A)The growing trend of eating out

B)The potential causes of snacking

C)People's home energy consumption.

D)People's changing diet over the years

55.What does the author suggest policymakers do about obesity?

A)Remind people to cut down on snacking.

B)Make sure people eat non-fattening food.

C)Ensure people don't miss their main meals.

D)See that people don't stick to the same diet.

答案解析

51.【定位】由題干中的suspect和back in 2016定位到第二段。

C)【精析】推理判斷題。定位段指出，早在2016年他們就有了這種懷疑，因為國家統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)顯示，在過去幾十年，卡路里消耗量大幅下降，這讓他們感到困惑。有可靠的證據(jù)證明人們嚴重地漏報了他們 吃的東西。由此可見，有證據(jù)顯示人們漏報了自己攝入的食物，因此作者懷疑國家統(tǒng)計局數(shù)據(jù)的真實性，故答案為C)。

52.【定位】由題干中的the Office for National Statistics 和verified 定位到第三段。

A) 【精析】細節(jié)辨認題。定位段提到，現(xiàn)在國家統(tǒng)計局已經(jīng)證實，我們消耗的卡路里比國家統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)聲稱的多50%。由此可知，國家統(tǒng)計局所報道的數(shù)據(jù)，與人們消耗卡路里的真實數(shù)據(jù)有很大的出入，故答案為A)。

53.【定位】由題干中的obese people定位到第四段最后一句。

D)【精析】推理判斷題。定位句指出，肥胖者的漏報率要高得多，因為他們的確吃了更多的食物，因此 需要記住更多的信息。由此可見，肥胖者因為自己攝入的食物過多，因此無法事無巨細地將自己所吃的食物完全記住，故答案為D)。

54.【定位】由題干中的unnoticed in surveys on food consumption和題文同序原則定位到第六段。

A)【精析】細節(jié)辨認題。第六段提到，最后一個潛在的原因是，近幾十年來，吃零食和外出吃飯的人越來越多，有證據(jù)表明，在調(diào)查中，外出吃掉的食物是記錄最少的類別之一。由此可見，外出就餐通常被人們忽略，故答案為A)。

55.【定位】由題干中的policymakers do about obesity定位到最后一段第三至五句。

B)【精析】推理判斷題。定位句指出，在政策方面，我們需要關(guān)注那些讓人們?nèi)菀讛z入更少卡路里的選擇。如果人們不知道自己吃了多少，那他們就真的很難堅持節(jié)食了。此外，我們應(yīng)該尋找新的方法來確保人們的飲食不會對他們的腰圍產(chǎn)生太大影響。由此可見，作者認為，政策制定者應(yīng)該引導(dǎo)人們多吃一些卡路里較少的食物，使之盡量減少對體重的影響，故答案為B)。