2022年9月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)閱讀真題以及答案

英語四級(jí)閱讀，作為大學(xué)英語能力的重要評(píng)估指標(biāo)，不僅檢驗(yàn)了學(xué)生對(duì)詞匯、語法的掌握，更考察了其閱讀理解和信息篩選的能力。在全球化背景下，提升這一能力對(duì)于拓寬視野、增進(jìn)跨文化交流至關(guān)重要。今天，小編將分享2022年9月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)閱讀真題以及答案，希望能為大家提供幫助！

Section A

Directions: In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each  blank fom alist of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices,Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter foreach item on Answer Sheet 2 with asingle linethrough the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Public perception of success in the U.S.might be totally misguided

While 92% of people believe others care most about fame and  26  ,fewer than 10% factor those qualities into their own success.This is according to the newly  27 study by Harvard Graduate School of Education professor  Todd Smith.Smith says he was  28  by how past studies on success“assumed what people will care about.”In  this study,his team “weat the  29  direction”by spending years carying out individual interviews and  group surveys to see what people really talk about when they talk about success.

As a scientist,Smith  30  studied individuality for a living,and even he was surprised to find younger  respondents cared more about having a  31  in life.Those between the ages of 18 and 34 prioritized it  most,and that prioritization dropped off as respondents'ages went up.Perhaps this is because older people hadfewer options when theywere starting their careers,at a time when values focused more on stable incomes  than  32  personal missions.

Other trends included an emphasis on the importance of parenting.Being a parent  33  very high across the  priorities of all study participants.Ultimately,Smith hopes institutions will take note of these insights  34  .

Higher education institutions tend to focus on preparingstudents for high-paying jobs For such institutions,fom universities to workplaces,to better  35  people in the U.S.,they'll need to understand “what the American  public highly prioritizes,”Smith says.

A)accommodate     I)opposite

B)accordingly     J)profession

C)acquiring       K)purpose

D)bothered       L)ranked

E)fortune        M)released

F)fulfilling      N)similarly

G)identify       O)wrong

H)literally

答案解析

26.E)【語義判斷】空格所在句意為：盡管有92%的人認(rèn)為別人最在乎名聲和______,但只有不到10%的人把這些品質(zhì)考慮到自己的成功中。and一般連接意思相近的詞或短語，備選項(xiàng)中，跟fame“名聲”意思相近的只有fortune“巨款”。fame and fortune=being rich and famous,意為“名和利”, 因此答案為E)fortune.factor..into 意為“把……考慮在內(nèi)”。

27.M)【語義判斷】空格所在句意為：這是根據(jù)哈佛大學(xué)教育研究生院的教授托德·史密斯最新______研究得出的結(jié)論。由句意可知，本空應(yīng)填入含有“公布，發(fā)表”意義的詞，由此確定答案為M)released。在這里 released是動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語，修飾 study。備選的其他形容詞和動(dòng)詞均沒有此含義，因此排除。

28.D)【語義判斷】空格所在句意為：史密斯說，過去關(guān)于成功的研究“假設(shè)人們會(huì)關(guān)心什么”,這讓他______。由句意可知，本空應(yīng)填入表達(dá)某種情緒的詞，由此確定答案為D)bothered。備選的其他形容詞和動(dòng)詞-ed形式均不能表達(dá)情緒，因此排除。

29.I)【語義判斷】空格所在句意為：在這項(xiàng)研究中，他的團(tuán)隊(duì)“走向______方向”,花了數(shù)年時(shí)間進(jìn)行個(gè)人訪談和群體調(diào)查，就為了弄明白人們?cè)谡務(wù)摮晒r(shí)真正談?wù)摰氖鞘裁础Ｓ纱丝芍?，史密斯的團(tuán)隊(duì)與以前研究成功的團(tuán)隊(duì)采取了截然不同的方式，他們沒有對(duì)成功的定義做出假設(shè)，因此本空應(yīng)填入含有“不同的，相反的”意義的形容詞，由此確定答案為I)opposite.備選的其他形容詞均沒有此含義，因此排除。

30.H)【語義判斷】空格所在句意為：作為一名科學(xué)家，史密斯______以研究個(gè)性為生。將備選副詞分別代入句中，只有l(wèi)iterally“確實(shí)”符合句意，因此 答案為H) 。B)accordingly 、N)similarly 和O)wrong 代入句中均不符合句意，故排除。

31.K)【語義判斷】空格所在句意為：甚至他驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，年輕的受訪者更關(guān)心生活要有______,將備選名詞代入句中，只有purpose“目的”使句意通順，故答案為K)purpose。

32. F)【語義判斷】空格所在句意為：這可能是因?yàn)槟觊L的人在剛開始職業(yè)生涯時(shí)選擇較少，當(dāng)時(shí)的價(jià)值觀更關(guān)注穩(wěn)定的收入，而不是______個(gè)人使命。將備選詞分別代入句中，只有fulfilling personal  missions“實(shí)現(xiàn)個(gè)人使命”符合句意，由此確定答案為F) 。C)acquiring“獲得；得到”不符合句意， 故排除。

33.L)【語義判斷】空格所在句意為：在所有研究參與者 的優(yōu)先級(jí)中，為人父母______非常重要。備選詞中只有L)ranked“具有……等級(jí)(地位)”可與 high搭配，構(gòu)成ranked high,意為“非常重要”。備選的其他動(dòng)詞均沒有此含義，因此排除。

34.B)【語義判斷】空格所在句意為：最終，史密斯希望各類機(jī)構(gòu)能______注意到這些見解。上文提到了不同年齡階段有各自的優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)，也有共通的。由此可知，史密斯希望各機(jī)構(gòu)能注意到對(duì)應(yīng)不同人群的優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)，因此本空應(yīng)填入含有“對(duì)應(yīng)地，相應(yīng)地”意義的副詞，由此確定答案為B)accordingly。備選的其他副詞均沒有此含義，因此排除。

35.A)【語義判斷】空格所在句意為：對(duì)于這些機(jī)構(gòu)來說，無論是大學(xué)還是職場，為了更好地______美國人，他們需要了解“美國公眾高度重視的是什么”。本段第一句提到，高校傾向于把重點(diǎn)放在讓學(xué)生為高薪工作做準(zhǔn)備上，而高薪并非年輕人的優(yōu)先考慮事項(xiàng)，所以各類機(jī)構(gòu)要了解美國公眾究竟優(yōu)先考慮什么,從而更好地適應(yīng)這些人的需求。因此本空應(yīng)填入含有“適應(yīng)，滿足”意義的動(dòng)詞，由此確定答案為A)accommodate 。備選的其他動(dòng) 詞原形沒有此含義，因此排除。

Section B

Directions: In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached toit. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information isderived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

How a rabbit study and an ex-studentboost myhopes for a future of 'loveand dignity'

A)At whatever grade levelteachers find themselves,from kindergarten to the final class at medical or law  school,few moments stir the emotions as deeply as when former

students reappear years and often decades later with an update on where their journey has taken them and what resiliencies(韌性)have been the pavement on which they've traveled.

B)So it was when a recent letter came from Kelli Harding,a student 21 years ago in my Peace Studies summer course in Washington.The weekly tuition-freeclass,in a roomy space that Ralph Nader and his Public Citizen  nonprofit group provided,was discussion-based and required no useless homework or exams.Just comein and figure out how to increase peace and decreaseviolence.And do it today,tomorrow is too late. The course attracted mostlycongressional interns(實(shí)習(xí)生),with a fewexceptions like Kelli who was in Washington as an AmeriCorps volunteer.

C)Her year-long service included comforting AIDs patients at a free health clinic and delivering meals to the homebound.It was aworld apart from herundergraduate daysat the University of California-Berkeley majoring in  political science.The Washington experience,which Kelli would later call “transformative”,was the fuel that carried her into medicine to earn a master's degree in public health from Columbia University and amedical degree from the University of Rochester,and almost two decades of practice as an emergency-room psychiatrist(精神科醫(yī)生)at New York-Presbyterian Hospital and a clinical professor of psychiatry at Columbia University Irving Medical Center.

D)Kelli's letter,a literate update on both her personal and professional life,touched my heart,and especially so when saying that two decades later she still has the course text, “Solutions to Violence,”and that“it remainsone of my favorite possessions.”She lives in Lower Manhattan with her husband,Padraic,whom she met on a flight to London and their threeboys.

E)If Kelli stands out,it's because she is also a gifted writer.Last month,Atria Books published her book The Rabbit Efiect:Live Longer,Happier,and Healthier with the Groundbreaking Science of Kindness.

F)With a blending offree-flowing confessional prose and scholarly research found in 461 notes,Kelli met my expectations that her ideas and ideals would be sound and singular.“Despite our scientifc progress,"she  writes,“Americans are remarkably unhealthy.In 2016,the United States ranked forty-third in the world for life expectancy...It is also by far the world's most expensive place to get sick.”

G)Enter the rabbits-not those running around in our woodlands butones serving in two month-long medical experiments to test the effects of eating a high-fat diet and the connections between cholesterol and heart disease.With similar diets,the expectations were that all the rabbits would have similar cloggings of their  arteries(動(dòng)脈堵塞) .Yet one group had 60% fewerof them.

H)The reason?Instead of receiving the standard care given to lab animals,the 60% group was watched over by a  newcomer to the lab who,Kelli writes,"handled the animals differently.When she fed her rabbits she talked to  them and petted them.She didn't just pass out food,she gave them love...The studies indicate something is  missing in the traditional biomedical model.Itwasn't diet or genetics that made a difference in which rabbits  got sick and which stayed healthy.It was kindness.”

I)Amid the political noise about Obamacare,Medicare,Medicaid,health insurance and thieving pharmacentical(醫(yī)藥的)companies,Kelli Harding stands apart from the crowd calling for quick fixes,the simpler the better.She has walked too many miles in the halls of hospitals visiting too many far-gone patients and seeing toomany medical mistakes to go along with conventional thinking.

J)“The rabbiteffect,"she explains,means that“when it comes to our health,we'vebeen missing some crucial pieces:hidden factors behind what really makes us healthy. Factors like love,friendship,and dignity.The designsof our neighborhoods,schools and workplaces.There's a social dimension to health that we've completely overlooked in our efforts to find the best and most cutting-edge medical care...Ultimately,what affects our  health in the most meaningful ways hasmore to do with how we treat one another,how we live,and how we think  about what it means to be human than with anything that happens in the doctor's office."

K)In more than a few passages,she relates the stories of men and women who came up against assembly-line  medicine where patients were treated mostly as pieces of flesh. “Clinically,”she writes,“it's common to see  two patients with the same condition,such as recovering from a heart attack,have two very different courses  based on seemingly irrelevant factors,such as their family relationships or their educational levels.In my practice,the sickest people I see often share similar backgrounds:loneliness,abuse, poverty,ordiscrimination.For them,the medicalmodel isn't enough.It's like fixing up an airplane engine and ignoing that the pilot is on  histhird drink at the bar and a massive stormis overhead...To properly care for patients,we also need to care about the lives of the people getting the care.”

L)Kelli wastes notime taking potshots at(隨意批評(píng))the medical establishment and its body-centered biomedicine methods.Instead,she remains positive,holding up for praise one of her medical school professors,George Engel,“who always noticed not just a patient's physical condition but little details about her life,such as ifshe  had family pictures up in her hospital room or flowers delivered.He was the kind of trusted doctor you'd  feel relieved to seeand welcome into the room with a sick family member.He'd sit down to talk with the patient not  just about medical problems,but about her life and priorities.Hebuilt a large consultation service to address  the holistic(整體的)needs of hospitalized patients,including psychological and social factors.”

M)It's a guess howmanyGeorge Engels in their whitejackets are at work these days and another speculation on the number of Kelli Hardings the nation is blessed with.May the totals be large and getting larger.

36.Kelli Harding also distinguishes herself by her literary talent.

37.Kelli Harding doesn't think America's medical model is sufficient for patients who need help most.

38.Kelli Harding differs from those seeking quick and simple solutions to America's medical problems.

39.Kelli Harding wasa participant in a summer course the author taught.

40.According to Kelli Harding,scientific advances have not made Americans healthier,nor prolonged their life.

41.The author was deeply moved by what Kelli Harding wrote about her current life.

42.George Engel,in treating his patients,not onlylooks intotheir symptomsbut also into things like the emotional support they receive.

43.According to Kelli Harding,rabbits'health had more to do with humans'kindness to themthan their diet or  genetcs.

44.What Kelli Harding went through in Washington changed her life.

45.A social aspect to health has not been taken into account in trying to provide the best medical care.

答案解析

36.【定位】由題干中的Kelli Harding 、distinguishes herself 和 literary talent 定位到文章E)段第一句。

E) 【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句提到，如果凱莉脫穎而出，那是因?yàn)樗彩且晃惶觳抛骷?。題干中的 Kelli Harding 對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的Kelli, 題干中的distinguishes herself是對(duì)定位句中stands out 的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，題干中的literary talent對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中 的a gifted writer,故答案為E)。

37.【定位】由題干中的Kelli Harding 、doesn't think、 medical model和sufficicnt定位到文章K)段倒數(shù)第三、四句。

K)【 精析】細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。定位句提到，在“我”的行醫(yī) 實(shí)踐中，“我”看到的病情最嚴(yán)重的人往往有著相似的背景：孤獨(dú)、虐待、貧困或歧視。對(duì)他們來說，醫(yī)療模式是不夠的。題干中的Kll Harding 對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的I, 題干中的doesn't think America's medical model is sufficient對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的the medical modelisn't enough,故答案為K)。

38.【定位】由題干中的differs from 和quick and simple solutions定位到文章I)段第一句。

I)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。定位句提到，在關(guān)于奧巴馬醫(yī)改、醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)、醫(yī)療補(bǔ)助、健康保險(xiǎn)和強(qiáng)取豪奪的醫(yī)藥公司的政治喧器中，凱莉·哈丁與呼吁快 速解決問題、越簡單越好的群體不同。題干中的differs from those seeking quick and simple  solutions是對(duì)定位句中stands apart from the crowd calling for quick fixes,the simpler the better的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，題干中的America's medical problems是對(duì)定位句中the political noise abou Obamacare,Medicare,Medicaid,healthinsurance and thieving pharmaceutical companies的歸納總結(jié)，故答案為I)。

39.【定位】由題干中的 Kelli Harding 和summer course定位到文章 B)段第一句。

B) 【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句提到，作者最近收到了一封來自凱莉·哈丁的信，她是21年前作者在華盛頓上和平研究暑期課的學(xué)生。題干中的a participant in a summer course the authortaught是對(duì)定位句中a student 21 years ago in my Peace Studies summer course的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為B)。

40.【定位】由題干中的 Kelli Harding、scientific advances 、not made Americans healthier和nor prolonged their life定位到文章F)段第二、三句。 

F) 【精析】細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。定位句提到，她(凱莉·哈丁)寫道：“盡管我們?nèi)〉昧丝茖W(xué)進(jìn)步，但美國人的健康狀況非常糟糕。2016年，美國的預(yù)期壽命在世界上排名第43位?！鳖}干中的scientific advances對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的scientific progress, 題干中的have not made Americans healthier是對(duì)定位句中Americans are remarkably unhealthy的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，題干中的nor prolonged their life是對(duì)定位句中In 2016,the United States ranked forty-third intheworld for life expectancy 的歸 納總結(jié)，故答案為F)。

41.【定位】由題干中的deeply moved、Kelli Harding和her current life定位到文章D)段第一句。

D) 【精析】細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。定位句提到，凱莉的這封信是她個(gè)人生活和職業(yè)生涯的最新寫照，觸動(dòng)了“我”的內(nèi)心。題干中的The author was deeply moved 對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的touched my heart,題干中的 what Kelli Harding wrote about her current  life 是對(duì)定位句中a literate update on both her personal and profesional life的概括歸納，故答案為D)。

42.【定位】由題干中的George Engel、not only 和 but also定位到文章L)段第二句。

L) 【精析】細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。定位句提到，凱莉舉例贊揚(yáng)了她的醫(yī)學(xué)院教授喬治·恩格爾，他不僅總是關(guān)注患者的身體狀況，也會(huì)關(guān)注患者的生活小細(xì)節(jié)， 比如她是否在病房里掛著家庭照片，是否收到別人送的鮮花。題干中的not only looks into their symptomsbut also into things like the emotiona support they receive是對(duì)定位句中noticed not just a patient's physical condition but little details about her life,such as if she had family pictures up in her hospital room orflowersdelivered的歸納總結(jié)，故答案為L)。

43.【定位】由題干中的rabbits'health 、kindness和 dietor genetics定位到文章HD段最后兩句。

H)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句提到，決定兔子生病還是健康的不是飲食或基因，而是善良。題干中的rabbits'health had more to do with humans' kindness to them than their diet or genctics是對(duì)定位句It wasn't dict or genetics that made a difference in which rabbits got sick and which stayed healthy.It was kindness.的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為H)。

44.【定位】由題干中的Kelli Harding、went through、 Washington和 changed定位到文章C)段第三句。

C)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句提到，在華盛頓的經(jīng)歷，凱莉后來稱之為“顛覆性的”,是她進(jìn)入醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的動(dòng)力，促使她獲得了哥倫比亞大學(xué)公共衛(wèi)生 碩士學(xué)位和羅切斯特大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)位，并在紐約長老會(huì)醫(yī)院擔(dān)任了近20年的急診室精神科醫(yī)生和哥倫比亞大學(xué)歐文醫(yī)學(xué)中心的精神病學(xué)臨床教授。題干中的 What Kelli Harding wentthrough in Washington對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的The Washington experience, 題干中的changed her life是對(duì)定位句中transformative的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為C)。

45.【定位】由題干中的A social aspect tohealth、not been taken into account和the best medical care定位到文章J)段倒數(shù)第二句。

J)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位句提到，在尋找最佳和最前沿醫(yī)療保健的努力中，“我們”徹底忽視了影響健康的社會(huì)層面。題干中的A social aspect to health 對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的a social dimension to health, 題干中的has not been taken into account是對(duì)定位句中we've completely overlooked的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，題干中的trying to provide the best medical care 對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的our efforts to find the best andmostcutting-edge medical care,故答案為J)。

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions orwnfinished  statements.For each of them there are fourchoices marked A),B),C)and D). Youshould decide on the bestchoice  and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 arebased on the following passage.

Academic dishonesty is nothing new.As long as there have been homework assignments and tests,there have been  cheaters.The way that cheating looks has changed over time,though,particularly now that technology has made it easier than ever.Astudy by theJosephson Institute of Ethics interviewed 23,000 high school students and asked them a variety of questions about academic ethics.Of the teens surveyed,51 percent said that they had knowinglycheatedat some point on an exam but that they did not feel uneasy about the behaviour.A Common Sense Media survey found that 35 percent of studentshad cheated via smartphone,though the parents surveyed in that  particular study did not believe their kids had ever cheated.In many cases,students didnot realizethat strategies like looking up answers ona smartphone were actually cheating at all.

In today's classrooms,students who cheat are rarely caught.There are no formulas written on the insides of handsor students looking across the aisle,or whispering answers to their classmates.Today's students use smartphones,tablets or even in-class computers to aid their cheating attempts and leave no trace of their crimes.Since cheating through technology is not listed specifically as being against the rules in many school policies, students do not view the actions unethical.

The technology is being adopted so quicklythat school districts cannot adequately keep up with cheating policies,oreven awareness campaigns that alert students to the problem with using technology to find answers  in a certain way.From a young age, students learn that answers exist conveniently at their fingertips through search engines and expert websites.

Schools must develop anti-cheating policies that include technology andthese policies must be updated  consistently.Teachers must stay on guard when it comes to what their students are doing in classrooms and how technology could be playing a negative role in the learning process.Parents must also talk to their kids about the appropriate ways to find academic answers and alert them to unethical behaviours that may seem innocent in their own eyes

46.What do welearn from the studyby the Josephson Institute of Ethics?

A)Over half of the students interviewed were unaware they were cheating  

B)Cheating was becoming away of life for a majority of high school teens. 

C)More than half of the interviewees felt no sense of guiltover cheating

D)Cheatingwasgetting moreand more difficult for high school students.

47.What did the Common Sense Media surveyreveal?

A)Most parents tended to overprotect their children.

B)Many studentscommitted cheating unknowingly.

C)Students were in urgent need of ethicaleducation.

D)Parents andkids had conflicting ideas over cheating.

48.Why do students rarely get caught cheating nowadays?

A)They copy formulas on their palms

B)They help each other to cover up their acts.

C)They keep changing their ways of cheating

D)They make useof modern technology.

49.What does the author think schools should do to tackle cheating?

A)Bring policies against cheating upto date.

B)Reform theirexam methodsconstantly.

C)Take advantage of the latest technologies.

D)Alert parents to their children's behaviour.

50.What doesthe author suggest teachers doin theclassroom?

A)Prevent students from overusingelectronicdevices.

B)Developmore effective anti-cheating strategies.

C)Find more ways to curb students'unethical acts.

D)Guard against students'misuse of technology.

答案解析

46.【定位】由題干中的the study by the Josephson Institute of Ethics定位到第一段。

C)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位段第五句指出，在接受調(diào)查的青少年中，有51%的人表示自己在某次考試中有意作弊，但他們并沒有對(duì)這種行為感到不安。由此可見， 一半以上的受訪者對(duì)作弊沒有負(fù)罪感，故答案為C)。

47.【定位】由題干中的 the Common Sense Media定位到第一段倒數(shù)第一、二句。

B)【精析】推理判斷題。文章第一段倒數(shù)第一句提到，在許多情況下，學(xué)生絲毫沒有意識(shí)到用智能手機(jī)查找答案這樣的策略實(shí)際上是作弊。由此可知，通識(shí)傳媒的調(diào)查揭示了許多學(xué)生在不知不覺中作弊，故答案為B)。

48.【定位】由題干中的rarely get caught和cheating nowadays定位到第二段。

D)【精析】推理判斷題。定位段第三句指出，如今的學(xué)生使用智能手機(jī)、平板電腦甚至課堂電腦作弊，而且不會(huì)留下任何犯罪痕跡。由此可知，學(xué)生們利用現(xiàn)代科技作弊，這樣不會(huì)留下痕跡，故答案為D)。

49. 【定位】由題干中的author、schools和 tackle cheating 定位到第四段第一句。

A)【精析】推理判斷題。定位句提到，學(xué)校必須制定包含技術(shù)在內(nèi)的反作弊政策，而且這些政策必須持續(xù)更新。由此可見，作者認(rèn)為學(xué)校應(yīng)該更新反作弊政策，故答案為A)。

50.【定位】由題干中的author suggest teachers do in the classroom定位到最后一段第二句。

D)【精析】推理判斷題。定位句指出，教師必須保持警惕，了解學(xué)生在課堂上的一舉一動(dòng)以及科技如何在學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)過程中起負(fù)面作用。由此可見，作者建議教師防止學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤使用科技，D)中的misuse of technology對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的playing a negative role,故答案為D)。

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

Remote work is about more than just working from home—it means working differently.Organizations should    reconsider the appropriateness of their performance evaluation procedures in light of the shift to remote  work.This requires a fundamental rethinking of what organizations expect from employees and what companies  would look for in a model employee in a remote work context.

It is likely that the“first to arrive and last to leave”mentality is no longerrelevant,but should be  replaced by a regard for the quality of an employee's contribution to the organization.This means thatwork  should be measured in terms of the quality of the work, not just the quality of the process.As remote work is largely unobservable to supervisors,employers need to think about how they can objectively measure the quality of work in a way that is consistent for employees ofsimilar rank.

Focusing on output alone can have the unintended consequences.Employers should think insteadabout the values  and soft skills they want to emphasize in a remote work environment.Qualities like flexibility and the ability to work under minimal supervision might become critical.Much hasbeen written about the importance of timely feedback.In the context of a global pandemic(大流行病),firms may want to provide additional support to  employees by providing more frequent communication.This allows managers to both keep an eye on struggling  employees and provide ongoing feedback on how employees are adapting to their new work environment.

Compensation also needs to be revisited.The purpose of performance evaluation is ultimately to determine how to reward employees for their work.This means that pay structures need to adapt to the reality ofworking from home.However,organizations also need to be honest with employees about the financial impact of COVID-19.

For organizations that have struggled to keep the lights on due to the pandemic,this might mean thinking of non-financial ways to reward employees,like unpaid time off or flexible work schedules.Employers can also consider how to bundle different types of compensation tohelp employees copewith their uniquesituations.

51.What does the author say companies should do in thecontext of remotework? 

A)Reform performance evaluation

B)Rethink the organizational fundamentals

C)Reexamine its effects on employees'behaviors.

D)Reflect on its differences fromworking in the office.

52.What should be prioritized in assessing employees'remote work?

A)The quantity of their output.

B)The length of their work time.

C)The quality of their contribution

D)The flexibility of their work schedules.

53.What quality in the employees would be of great importance in a remote work context? 

A)The ability to produce quality work.

B)The ability tomaximize work efficiency.

C)Theability to finish tasks in a timely manner.

D)The ability to work with the least supervision.

54.Why is it important for fims to provide timely feedback during thepandemic? 

A)Toevaluate their employees of similar rank in a consistent way.

B)To keep a watchful eye on those employees who perform poorly.

C)To help employees in need adapt to the new work environment.

D)Tomaintain comnections with their employees away from office.

55.What is the author's suggestion to employers who experience the financial impact of the pandemic?

A)Urging their employees to adapt to the new situation.

B)Rewarding theiremployees in unconventionalways.

C)Identifying employees who make little contribution.

D)Allowing their employees to look for part-time jobs.

答案解析

51.【定位】由題干中的companies should do in the context ofremote work定位到首段第二句。

A)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位句指出，鑒于向遠(yuǎn)程工作方式轉(zhuǎn)變的趨勢，各公司應(yīng)重新思考其績效評(píng)估程序是否合適。由此可見，作者認(rèn)為在遠(yuǎn)程工作中公司應(yīng)改革績效評(píng)估，故答案為A)。

52.【定位】由題干中的prioritized in assesing employees'remote work定位到第二段第一句。

C)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位句提到，“早到晚走”的心態(tài)很可能不再適用了，取而代之的是關(guān)注員工對(duì)公司貢獻(xiàn)的質(zhì)量。由此可知，在評(píng)估員工遠(yuǎn)程工作時(shí)應(yīng)優(yōu)先考慮員工貢獻(xiàn)的質(zhì)量，故答案為C)。

53.【定位】由題干中的quality in theemployees和importance定位到第三段第二、三句。

D)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位句指出，雇主應(yīng)該轉(zhuǎn)而思考自己在遠(yuǎn)程工作環(huán)境中想強(qiáng)調(diào)的價(jià)值觀和軟技能。靈活處理問題以及在最少的監(jiān)督下工作的能力等品質(zhì)可能變得至關(guān)重要。由此可見，在遠(yuǎn)程工作環(huán)境中，雇員在最少的監(jiān)督下工作的能力至關(guān)重要，故答案為D)。D)中的the least supervision與定位句中的minimal supervision為同義轉(zhuǎn)換。

54.【定位】由題干中的provide timelyfeedback定位到第四段。

C)【精析】推理判斷題。第四段第一句提到，很多文章都論述了及時(shí)反饋的重要性，第四段第三句提到這樣主管既能關(guān)注到遇到問題的員工，又能對(duì)員工適應(yīng)新工作環(huán)境的情況提供持續(xù)的反饋。由此可知，及時(shí)提供反饋可以幫助有需要的員工適應(yīng)新的工作環(huán)境，故答案為C)。

55.【定位】由題干中的author's suggestion和financial impact of the pandemic定位到第六段。

B)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。第六段指出，對(duì)于那些因新冠疫情而難以維系的公司來說，這可能意味著要考慮用非財(cái)務(wù)的福利來獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)員工，如無薪休假或靈活的工作時(shí)間。雇主還可以考慮如何組合不同類型的補(bǔ)償，幫助員工應(yīng)對(duì)自己的特殊情況。由此可見，作者建議財(cái)務(wù)受到大流行病影響的雇主以非傳統(tǒng)的方式獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)員工。B)中的unconventional ways對(duì)應(yīng)定位段中的non financial ways,故答案為B)。