2015年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀長(zhǎng)難句分析(18)

　　1. By studying mineral grains found in material ranging from rocks to clay articles, previous researchers have already been able to identify reversals dating back 170 million years, including the most recent switch 730,000 years ago.(1991. 閱讀. 1. Text 2)

　　【譯文】通過(guò)研究在巖石、陶器等材料中發(fā)現(xiàn)的礦物顆粒，先前的研究者們已經(jīng)能夠確認(rèn)距今一億七千萬(wàn)年前發(fā)生的的兩級(jí)轉(zhuǎn)化現(xiàn)象，包括發(fā)生在73萬(wàn)年前的最近一次兩級(jí)轉(zhuǎn)化。

　　【析句】復(fù)合句。主句previous researchers have been able to identify reversals dating back...,including...。主句中，dating back...為現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)修飾reversals。主句前，by studying mineral grains...是介詞短語(yǔ)作方式狀語(yǔ)，grains后found in material為過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)修飾grains，而material又有ranging from to...現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)。

　　2. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are good and others are bad, and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life—from what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept. (1991. 閱讀. 1. Text 3)

　　【譯文】與事物的感情經(jīng)歷使我們產(chǎn)生了一種社會(huì)認(rèn)同感：對(duì)特定的事物和行為的好壞達(dá)成一致意見(jiàn)。并且將這種“好”與“壞”的分類(lèi)應(yīng)用于社會(huì)生活的方方面面，從我們吃的食物、穿的衣服到如何信守承諾以及與什么人為伍。

　　【析句】主句Out of our emotional experiences...comes a social feeling of agreement...,and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life...?？梢钥闯觯骶溆蒩nd連接的兩部分組成，前句因?yàn)榻樵~短語(yǔ)提前，所以用了倒裝語(yǔ)序，而且主語(yǔ) a social feeling of agreement后是that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。后一句中，破折號(hào)后的內(nèi)容是對(duì)every aspect of our social life的強(qiáng)調(diào)和解釋。

　　3. It gives high rewards to individuals who perform important tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements such as flying fighter planes in a war, and uses the legal penal system to make people afraid to engage in antisocial acts. (1991. 閱讀. 1. Text 3)

　　【析句】從事重要工作的人比如醫(yī)生，受到高額獎(jiǎng)勵(lì);把冒著危險(xiǎn)做出非凡壯舉的人，比如戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中的戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)飛行員，推舉成英雄;并且運(yùn)用嚴(yán)酷的刑法體系使人們不敢做出反社會(huì)行為。

　　【析句】主句由兩個(gè)并列句組成，It gives high rewards to individuals,makes heroes out of individuals for...,and uses the legal peanal system to make...，三個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分別是gives,makes和uses。第一句中，individuals后有who perform important tasks作定語(yǔ)從句修飾individuals。第三句中，包含四個(gè)短語(yǔ)use sth to do sth,make sb adj,afraid to do sth, engage in sth。