2021年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀真題以及答案（三）

英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀真題，不僅強(qiáng)化詞匯與句型理解，更提升閱讀速度與綜合分析能力。實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練，讓考生熟悉題型變化，掌握解題技巧，是沖刺六級(jí)高分不可或缺的寶貴資源。今天，小編將分享2021年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀真題以及答案（卷三）相關(guān)內(nèi)容，希望能為大家提供幫助！

Section A

溫馨提示：2021年12月六級(jí)考試共考了2套閱讀詞匯理解，本套閱讀詞匯理解（Section A）與第2套內(nèi)容完全一樣。

Directions:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You arerequired to select one word for each blank froma list ofchoicesgiven ina word bank following thepassage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in thebank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not wse any ofthe words inthe bank more than once

According to psychologist Sharon Draper,our clothing choices can absolutely affect our well-being.When we wear ill-fitting clothes,or feel over-or under-dressed for an event, it's natural to feel self-conscious or even stressed.Conversely,she says,opting for clothes that fit well and  26  with your senseof style can improve your confidence.

But can you improve your health through your  27  clothing,without having to dash out and buya whole new  28  ?“Absolutely,”says Draper.If your goal is to improve your thinking,she recommends picking clothes that fit well and are unlikely to encourage restlessness,so,avoid bows,ties and unnecessary  29  .It also helps to opt for clothes you  30  as tying in with your goals,so,if you want to perform better at work, select pieces you view as professional.Draper says this fits in with the concept of behavioral activation,whereby  31  in a behavior (in this case,selecting clothes)can set you on the path to then achieving your goals (working harder).

Anotherway to improve your  32  of mind is to mix things up.Draper says we often feel stuck in a rut (常規(guī))if we wear the same clothes—even if they're our favorites thus opting for an item you don't wearoften,or adding something different to an outfit,such as a hat,can  33  shiftyour mood.On days when you're really  34  to brave theworld,Draper suggests selecting sentimental items of clothing,such as ones you woreon a special day,orgiven to you by a loved one,as clothes with  35  associations can help you tap into constructive emotions.

A)accessories

B)align

C)concurrently

D)current

E)engaging

F)fond

G)frame

H)locations

I)perceive

J)positively

K)profile

L)prospering

M)reluctant

N)showcase

O)wardrobe

Section B

Directions:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains informationgiven in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2.

Why facts don't change our minds

A)The economist J.K.Galbraith once wrote,“Faced with a choice between changing one's mind and proving there is no need to do so,almost everyone gets busy with the proof.”

B)LeoTolstoy was even bolder.“Themost difficult subjects can be explained to the most slow-witted man if he has not formed anyidea of them already;but the simplest thing cannot be made clear to the most intelligent man if he is firmly persuaded that heknows already,without a shadow of a doubt,what is laid before him.”

C)What's going on here?Why don't facts change our minds?And why would someone continue to believe a false or inaccurate idea anyway?How do such behaviors serve us? Humans need a reasonably accurate viewof the world in order to survive.If your model ofrealityis wildly different from the actual world,then you struggle to take effective actions each day.However,truth and accuracy are not the only things that matterto the human mind.Humans also seem to have a deepdesire to belong.

D)In Atomic Habits,I wrote,“Humans are herd animals.We want to fit in,to bond with others,and to eamthe  respect and approval of our peers.Such inclinations are essential to our survival.For most of our evolutionary history,our ancestors lived in tribes. Becoming separated from the tribe—or worse,being cast out—was a death sentence.”

E)Understanding the truth of a situation is important,but so is remaining part of a tribe.While these two desires often work well together,they occasionally come into conflict.In many circumstances,social connection is actually more helpful to your daily life than understanding the truth of a particular fact or idea.The Harvard psychologist Steven Pinkerput it this way,“People are embraced orcondemned according to their beliefs,so one function of the mind maybe to hold beliefs that bring the belief-holder the greatest number of allies,protectors,or disciples(信徒),rather than beliefs that are most likely to be true."

F)We don't always believe things because they are correct.Sometimes we believe things because they make us look good to the people we care about.I thought Kevin Simler put it well when he wrote,“If abrain anticipates that it will be rewarded for adopting a particular belief,it's perfectly happy to do so,and doesn't much care where the reward comes from-whether it's pragmatic(實(shí)用主義的)(better outcomes resulting from better decisions),social (better treatment from one's peers),or some mix of the two.”

G)False beliefs can be useful in a social sense even if they are not useful in a factual sense For lack of a better phrase,we might call this approach “factually false,but socially accurate.”When we have to choose between the two,people often select friends and family over facts.This insight not only explains why we might  hold our tongue at a dinner party or look the other way when our parents say something offensive,but also  reveals a better way to change theminds of others.

H)Convincing someone to change their mind is really the process of convincing them to change their tribe.If they abandon their beliefs,they run the risk of losing social ties.You can't expect someone to change their mind if you take away their community too.You have to give them some where to go.Nobody wants their worldview torn apart if loneliness is the outcome.

I)The way to change people's minds is to become friends with them,to integrate them into your tribe,to bring them into your circle.Now,they can change their beliefs without the risk of being abandoned socialy.

J)Perhaps it is not difference,but distance,that breeds tribalism and hostility.As proximity increases,so does understanding.I am reminded of Abraham Lincoln's quote, “I don'tlike that man.I must get to know him better.”

K)Facts don't change ourminds.Friendship does.Years ago,Ben Casnocha mentioned an idea tome that I haven't beenable to shake:The people who are most likely to change our minds are the ones we agree with on 98 percent of topics.If someone you know,like,and trust believes a radical idea,you are more likely to give it merit,weight,or consideration.You already agree with them in most areas of life.Maybe you should change your mind on this one too.But if someone wildly different than you proposes the same radical idea,well,it's easy to dismiss them as nuts.

L)One way to visualize this distinction is by mapping beliefs on a spectrum.If you divide this spectrum into 10 units and you find yourself at Position 7,then there is little sense in trying to convince someone at Position 1.The gap is too wide.When you're at Position 7,your time is better spent connecting with people who are at Positions 6 and 8, gradually pulling them in your direction.

M)The most heaed arguments often occur between people on opposite ends of the spectrum,but the most frequent learning occurs from people who are nearby.The closer you are to someone,the more likely it becomes that the one or two beliefs you don't share will bleed over into your own mind and shape your thinking.The further away an idea is from your current position,the more likely you are to reject it outright.When it comes to changing people's minds,it is very difficult to jump from one side to another. You can't jump down the spectrum.You have to slide down it.

N)Any idea that is sufficiently different from your current worldview will feel threatening.And the best place to ponder a threatening idea is in a non-threatening environment.As a result,books are often a better vehicle for transforming beliefs than conversations or debates.In conversation,people have to carefully consider their status and appearance.They want to save face and avoid looking stupid.When confronted with an uncomfortable set of facts,the tendency is often to double down on their current position rather than publicly admit tobeing wrong.Books resolve this tension.With a book,the conversation takes place inside someone's head and without the risk of being judgedby others.It's easierto be open-minded when you aren't feeling defensive

O)There is another reason bad ideas continue tolive on,which is that people continue to talk about them.Silence is death for any idea.An idea that is never spoken or written down dies with the person who conceived it.Ideas can only beremembered when they are repeated.They can only be believed when they are repeated.Ihave already pointed out that people repeat ideas to signal they are part of the same social group.But here's a crucial point most people miss:People also repeat bad ideas when they complain about them.Before you can criticize an idea,you have to reference that idea.You end up repeating the ideas you're hoping people will forget but,of course,people can't forget them because you keep talking about them.The more you repeat a bad idea,the more likely people are to believe it.

P)Let's call this phenomenon Clear's Law of Recurrence:The number of people who believe an idea is directly proportional to the number of times it has been repeated during the last yean—even if the idea is false.

36.According to the author,humans can hardly survive if separated from their community.

37.People often accept false beliefs because they prioritize social bonds ratherthan facts. 

38.Most often people learn from those close to them.

39.Sometimes people adopt certain beliefs in order to leave a favorable impression on those dear to them.

40.Compared with face-to-face communication,books often provide a better medium for changing people's beliefs.

41.On many occasions in daily life,people benefit more from their social bonds than from knowing the truth.

42.Ifyou want to change somebody'sbeliefs,you should first establish social connection with them.

43.Humans cannot survive withouta fair knowledge of the actual world.

44.Repetition of bad ideas increases their chances of being accepted.

45.Nobody is willing to give up their beliefs at the risk of getting isolated.

Section C

Directions:There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or mnfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are basedon the following passage.

The subject of automation and its role in our economy has taken hold in American public discourse.Technology broadly and automation specifically are dramatically reshaping the way we work.And we need to have a plan forwhat's still to come.

We don't have to look further than our own communities to see the devastating impact of automation.From automated warehouses to cashierless grocery stores to neighborhood libraries that offer self-checkout lanes instead of employing real people—automation is increasingly replacing jobs and leaving too few good new jobs behind.

The statistics in manufacturing are staggering.Despite the widespread fears about trade,a recent report showed that just 13 percent of jobs lost in manufacturing are due to trade—the rest of the losses have been due to advances in technology.

That is why more people are criticizing the ever-increasing role of technology in our economy.Our country is manufacturing more than ever before,but we are doing it with fewer workers.However,it's not just factories that are seeing losses—software and information technology are also having a dramatic impact on jobs most people think are secure from the forces of a rapidly-changing economy.Something transformative is happening in America that is having an adverse effect on American families.Whether policymakers and politicians admit it or not,workers have made clear their feelings about their economic insecurity and desire tokeep good jobs in America.

So why are people so insistent on ignoring the perils of automation?They are failing to look ahead at a time when planning for the future is more important than ever. Resisting automation is futile:it is as inevitable as industrialization was before it.I sincerely hope that those who assert that automation will make us more effective and pave the way for new occupations are right,but the reality of automation's detrimental effects on workers makes me skeptical.No one can currently say where the new jobs are coming from orwhen,and any sensible company orcountry should prepare forall alternatives.

I'm not overstating the danger:look at what's happened to the labor force.According to economic research,one in six working-agemen,25 54,doesn't have a job.Fifty years ago,nearly 100 percent of men that age were working.Women's labor force participation,mean while,hasslipped back to the level it was at in the late 1980s.

American families and prominent business leaders are aware that there's a big problem with automation.The value of a college degree is diminishing,and our upward mobility is declining.If we want an economy that allows everyone to be economically secure,we need to start thinking about how we can rightfully address automation.

46.What can we observe from the author's description of our communities?

A)The growing passion for automation.

B)The shift from manual jobs to IT ones.

C)Their changing views on employment.

D)Their fading employment opportunities.

47.What do we learn from a recent report?

A)The manufacturing sector is declining at a fast rate.

B)The concerns about the effectof trade are exaggerated.

C)The fears about trade have been spreading far and wide.

D)The impact of tradeon employment has been staggering.

48.What does the passage tell us about American workers in an era of transformation?

A)They feel ignored by politicians

B)They feel increasingly vulnerable.

C)They keep adapting to the changes.

D)They keep complaining but to no avail.

49.What does the author think of automation?

A)It will have the sameimpact as industrialization.

B)It provides sensible companies with alternatives.

C)Its alleged positive effects are doubtful.

D)Its detrimental effects are unavoidable.

50.What should we attach importance to when dealing with automation?

A)Collegegraduates'jobprospects.

B)Women'saccess to employment.

C)People's economic security.

D)People's social mobility.

PassageTwo

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

Look at the people around you.Some are passive,others more aggressive.Some work best alone,others crave companionship.We easily recognize that there is great variation among the individuals who live near us.Yet,when we speakofpeople from elsewhere,we seem to inevitably characterize them based on their country of origin.

Statistics specialists,when they speak of national averages,often make the same mistake.

Newly published research shows how erroneous such overviews are.Three researchers analyzeddecades of values-based surveys and found that only between 16%and 21% of the variation in cultural values could be explained by differences between countries.In other words,the vast majority of what makes us culturallydistinct from one another has nothing todo with our homeland.

To determine what factors really are associated with culture,the authors combined data from 558 prior surveys that each measured one or more of Hofstede's cultural dimensions.These are traits,such as individualism and masculinity,that describe work-related cultural values.(They are not a measure ofvisible cultural traits,such as food ordress.)Though the validity of Hofstede'sdimensions has been questioned,they have the singular benefit of having been in use for decades,which allows for historical and international comparisons

The researchers found that both demographic factors,such as age,and environmental factors,such as long-term unemployment rates,were more correlated with cultural values than nationality.Occupation and social economic status were the most strongly correlated, suggesting that our values are more economically driven than we usually give them credit for.

The evidence implies that people with similar jobs and incomes are more culturally alike,regardless of where they live.Vas Taras,the lead author of the study,puts it this way: “Tell me how much you make and I wll make a pretty accurate prediction about your cultural values.Tell me what your nationality is and I probably will make a wrong prediction.”

Taras says our erroneous belief that countries are cultures has caused businesses to teach their employees useless or even harmful ways of interacting with their international peers.Chinese and American lawyers might be trained to interact based on the assumption that the Chinese person is less individualistic,even though their similar social economic situations make it probable theyare actually quitealike in that regard.

The country,as the unit of authority,is often a convenient way of generalizing about a population.

However,our focus on countries can mask broad variations within them.In the majority of cases we would be better off identifying people by the factors that constrain their lives,like income,ratherthan by the lines surrounding them on a map.

51.What error do experts often make when describing people from other places?

A)They tend to overly rely on nationality.

B)They often exaggerate their differences.

C)They often misunderstand their cultures.

D)They tend to dwell on national averages.

52.What do we learn about Hofstede's cultural dimensions?

A)They areuseful in comparing cultural values across time and space.

B)They have brought unusual benefits to people of different cultures.

C)They are widely used to identify people's individual traits.

D)They provide valuable questions for researchers to study.

53.What did researchers find about previous studies on factors determining people's values?

A)Environmental factors were prioritized over other factors.

B)An individual's financial status was often underestimated.

C)Too much emphasis had been placed on one's occupation.

D)The impact of social progresson one's values wasignored.

54.What is the impact on employees when cultures are identified with countries?

A)They may fail to see the cultural biases of their business partners.

B)They may fail to attach sufficient importance to cultural diversity.

C)They may not be taughthow toproperly interact with overseas partners.

D)They may not beable to learn the legal procedures for business transactions.

55.What does the author suggest at the end of the passage?

A)There is sufficient reasonto generalize about a country's population.

B)The majority of people are still constrained by their national identity.

C)It is arguable that the country should be regarded as the unit of authority.

D)Nationality is lessuseful than socio-economic statusas an indicator of one's values.