英語四級翻譯部分：虛擬語氣解析

虛擬語氣的考點(diǎn)可以歸納如下：

1. （should）+動詞原形的情形（已考）

2. if或but for等引導(dǎo)的條件句（已考）

3. wish， if only， it is time…的用法

（should）+動詞原形的情形

 

1．在動詞suggest， order， demand， propose， command， request， desire， insist， require， decide， promise， resolve， argue， maintain， determine， recommend， advise， advocate， persuade等表示“命令”、“建議”、“要求”動詞后的賓語從句中。

She insisted that the seats （should） be booked in advance. 她堅(jiān)持要預(yù)定座位。

He advised that the doctor （should） be sent for. 他勸我們派人請醫(yī)生。

注：如果上述動詞作其他意思解釋，或者說話者認(rèn)為所講的事是事實(shí)，要用陳述語氣。

When asked why he declined our invitation， he suggested that he was not on good terms with the director.

真題重現(xiàn)

【CET-4:2006.6】The professor required that __________________（我們交研究報告）。

參考答案：we hand in our research report（s）

 

2．在advice， demand， order， necessity， resolution， decision， proposal， requirement， suggestion， idea， recommendation， request， plan，等名詞后的主語從句或表語從句中------上面動詞對應(yīng)的名詞

He issued the order that the troops （should） withdraw at once. 他命令部隊(duì)馬上撤退。

 

3．在形容詞important， necessary， imperative， natural， urgent， essential， appropriate， desirable， vital， advisable， preferable， incredible以及短語no wonder， a pity等可以構(gòu)成“It is +形容詞（名詞）+that”句型中。

It is necessary that some immediate effort （should） be made. 必須立即采取行動。

if或but for等引導(dǎo)的條件句★★★

if引導(dǎo)虛擬條件句的用法

	條件從句	結(jié)果主句
與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反	動詞過去式(be動詞用were)	would+動詞原形
與過去事實(shí)相反	had+過去分詞(had done)	would have done
與將來事實(shí)相反	一般過去時/were+不定式/should+動詞原形	would(should)+動詞原形

He wouldn’t feel so cold if he were indoors.他要是在室內(nèi)就不會覺得冷了。（與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反）

I am sorry I am very busy just now. If I had time， I would certainly go to the movies with you.

我很抱歉，現(xiàn)在很忙。如果有時間，我肯定陪你去看電影了。（與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反）

The conference wouldn’t have been so successful if we hadn’t made adequate preparations.

如果我們不做充分的準(zhǔn)備，會議是不會開得這么成功的。（與過去事實(shí)相反）

If it snowed/were to snow/should snow tomorrow， I should （would） stay at home.

but for=if it were not for…/if it had not been for…l

But for your help they would not have fulfilled the task in time.

真題重現(xiàn)

【CET-4:2006.12】The victim _______________________（本來會有機(jī)會活下來）if he had been taken to hospital in time

參考答案：would have survived

It is （high， about） time …句型要求用虛擬語氣

謂語動詞用過去式，指現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r，表示“早該干某事而已經(jīng)有些晚了”。

★★It’s time_____________________（采取措施） about the traffic problem downtown.

something was done/some measures were taken

動詞wish后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣

與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反	were或動詞的一般過去式
與過去事實(shí)相反	had done或would/could have done
將來沒有把握或不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望	would/should(could, might)+動詞原形

I wish she were here. 她在這里就好了。

I wish you would go with us tomorrow. 但愿你明天跟我們一塊去。

I wish she had taken my advice. 那時她要是聽我的話就好了。

if only后用虛擬語氣（要是…就太好了）

現(xiàn)在沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望	一般過去式
過去沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望	過去完成式

If only she had known where to find you. 他要是知道到哪里去找你就好了。

If only I could speak several foreign languages！我要是能講幾種外語就好了！