老年人睡得太少或太多都會(huì)加速大腦退化

斯坦福大學(xué)的新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，老年人保持正常的睡眠時(shí)間很重要。如果睡眠時(shí)間不足6個(gè)小時(shí)，患癡呆癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)會(huì)增加；如果睡眠時(shí)間超過(guò)9個(gè)小時(shí)，大腦執(zhí)行力會(huì)變差。

Older adults who sleep six hours or fewer a night may have elevated risk for dementia and other cognitive issues, a new study finds.

一項(xiàng)新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，每晚睡眠時(shí)間在6個(gè)小時(shí)以下的老年人患癡呆癥和其他認(rèn)知障礙的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)會(huì)增高。

Researchers at Stanford University measured seniors' (ages 65 to 85) dementia risk and cognitive abilities, finding higher risk in those patients who regularly slept six or fewer hours compared to those who slept seven or eight hours.

斯坦福大學(xué)的研究人員通過(guò)對(duì)年齡在65歲到85歲之間的老年人的癡呆風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和認(rèn)知能力測(cè)評(píng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，平時(shí)睡眠6個(gè)小時(shí)以下的人相比睡7個(gè)或8個(gè)小時(shí)的人癡呆風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高。

Those seniors who slept nine or more hours also had lower cognitive functions and other health issues, but the researchers didn't find the same high dementia risk in this group.

平時(shí)睡9個(gè)小時(shí)以上的人也出現(xiàn)了認(rèn)知能力低下和其他健康問(wèn)題，但是研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)該群體的癡呆風(fēng)險(xiǎn)不像睡眠不足的人群這么高。

The findings demonstrate how important it is for adults to maintain a healthy sleep cycle, especially as they get older.

研究結(jié)果表明，成年人保持一個(gè)健康的睡眠周期有多么重要，尤其在步入老年之后。

As adults age, it's common for their sleep patterns to change or become disrupted - leading to longer, shorter, or more irregular sleep.

隨著年紀(jì)增長(zhǎng)，成年人的睡眠模式通常會(huì)發(fā)生改變或出現(xiàn)紊亂，從而導(dǎo)致睡眠時(shí)間變長(zhǎng)、變短或變得不規(guī)律。

This disruption may be linked to Alzheimer's and other forms of dementia, impacting seniors' ability to remember information, problem-solve, and go through everyday behaviors.

睡眠紊亂可能和老年癡呆癥或其他類型的癡呆癥有關(guān)，影響著老年人記憶信息、解決問(wèn)題的能力，并會(huì)影響日常行為。

Sleep disruption can also be caused by - or heighten - depression, cardiovascular disease, and other conditions.

睡眠紊亂還可能由抑郁癥、冠心病和其他疾病導(dǎo)致或加劇這些病癥。

New research from Stanford University provides additional evidence for the connection between sleep and brain function. The study was published Monday in JAMA Neurology.

斯坦福大學(xué)的這項(xiàng)新研究為睡眠和大腦功能之間的聯(lián)系提供了新證據(jù)。該研究本周一（8月30日）發(fā)表在《美國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)神經(jīng)病學(xué)雜志》上。

The Stanford study included health records from about 4,400 patients, all between the ages of 65 and 85. These patients had undergone brain scans and other cognitive tests, but hadn't been diagnosed with dementia.

斯坦福大學(xué)的這項(xiàng)研究包含了年齡在65歲到85歲之間的約4400名患者的健康記錄。這些患者都接受了大腦掃描和其他認(rèn)知測(cè)試，但是都還未被確診為癡呆癥。

This data was drawn from a long-term Alzheimer's investigation, conducted at 67 clinics in the US, Canada, Australia, and Japan.

研究所用的數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)自一項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)期的癡呆癥調(diào)查，該調(diào)查在美國(guó)、加拿大、澳大利亞和日本的67個(gè)診所開(kāi)展。

The researchers grouped these patients according to how long they typically slept. Sleep times were self-reported by the patients, not measured by a sleep tracker.

研究人員根據(jù)患者平時(shí)的睡眠時(shí)間給他們進(jìn)行分組。睡眠時(shí)間是由患者自己報(bào)告的，而不是由睡眠跟蹤器記錄的。

A recommended sleep time for seniors is seven to eight hours, the researchers said. Six or fewer hours corresponded to short sleep, while nine or more hours corresponded to long sleep.

研究人員稱，老年人的最佳睡眠時(shí)間是7到8個(gè)小時(shí)。6個(gè)或6個(gè)小時(shí)以下屬于睡眠時(shí)間過(guò)短，9個(gè)小時(shí)以上則被定義為睡眠時(shí)間過(guò)長(zhǎng)。

The Stanford researchers measured levels of beta amyloid, a protein in the brain that is typically found in high levels when a patient develops Alzheimer's.

斯坦福大學(xué)的研究人員測(cè)量了名為β淀粉樣蛋白的大腦蛋白質(zhì)的水平，這種蛋白質(zhì)通常在老年癡呆癥患者大腦中會(huì)大量出現(xiàn)。

In addition, the researchers used several tests for memory, attention, spatial skills, and executive function to identify patients' cognitive abilities.

此外，研究人員還測(cè)試了記憶力、注意力、空間感知力和執(zhí)行力來(lái)評(píng)定患者的認(rèn)知能力。

Those patients sleeping for six hours or fewer a night were more likely to develop dementia, the researchers found. The low-sleep patients had higher levels of beta amyloid.

研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，睡眠時(shí)間在6個(gè)小時(shí)以內(nèi)的患者更容易患癡呆癥。這些睡眠少的患者大腦中的β淀粉樣蛋白含量更高。

'Amyloid-β is one of the first detectable markers in the progression of Alzheimer's disease,' Joe Winer, postdoctoral researcher at Stanford and the study's lead author, told CNN.

該研究的首席作者、斯坦福大學(xué)的博士后研究員喬·維納告訴美國(guó)有線電視新聞網(wǎng)說(shuō)：“β淀粉樣蛋白是癡呆癥病程進(jìn)展中最早可察覺(jué)到的標(biāo)記物之一。”

The Stanford researchers found that patients with lower sleep also performed worse on memory tests, while those with higher sleep (nine or more hours) performed worse on executive function tests - which measure the brain's ability to switch between different tasks.

斯坦福大學(xué)的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，睡眠少的患者在記憶測(cè)試中表現(xiàn)更差，而睡眠多（睡眠時(shí)間在9個(gè)小時(shí)以上）的患者在執(zhí)行力測(cè)試中表現(xiàn)更差。執(zhí)行力測(cè)試用于衡量大腦在不同任務(wù)之間轉(zhuǎn)換的能力。

Both the low and high sleep patients were more likely to nap during the day, the researchers found. Low-sleep patients may have been compensating for a lack of sleep at night, while high-sleep patients may have simply been drowsy throughout the day.

研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，睡眠少和睡眠多的患者都更容易在白天打盹。睡眠少的患者可能是在補(bǔ)夜里缺的覺(jué)，而睡眠多的人可能只是一整天都昏昏欲睡。

In addition, both the low and high sleep patients had higher body mass index and symptoms of depression.

此外，睡眠少和睡眠多的患者身體質(zhì)量指數(shù)都偏高，出現(xiàn)抑郁癥狀的比例也更高。

'The main takeaway is that it is important to maintain healthy sleep late in life,' Winer told CNN.

維納告訴美國(guó)有線電視新聞網(wǎng)說(shuō)：“研究帶給我們的主要啟示在于，老年人保持健康的睡眠很重要。”