英文寫(xiě)作方法

　　英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作方法六大原則：

　　1. advanced words (高級(jí)詞匯原則)

　　2. adverbial advanced (狀語(yǔ)提前原則)

　　3. phrases preferred (短語(yǔ)優(yōu)先原則)

　　4.compound sentence, composite sentence and sentence of special kind (并列句、復(fù)合句和特殊句式原則)

　　5. long and short sentences alternately (長(zhǎng)短句交替原則)

　　6. passages in paragraphs(短文分段分層原則)

　　高分作文的五大特性

　　1. sense of order (條理性: 段落完整，層次分明)

　　2. accuracy (準(zhǔn)確性: 語(yǔ)法準(zhǔn)確，用詞精當(dāng))

　　3. fluency (流暢性: 層次清晰，行文連貫)

　　4. conciseness & variety (簡(jiǎn)潔、多樣性: 語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔，不重復(fù))

　　5. ideological content (思想性: 文章立意高，表達(dá)個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)內(nèi)容積極向上)

　　過(guò)渡詞的使用

　　過(guò)渡詞是一種關(guān)系指引詞，一般由副詞或起副詞作用的短語(yǔ)承擔(dān)。此外，代詞、連詞、上下文的近義詞等也可作過(guò)渡詞。過(guò)渡詞猶如“橋梁”，在文章中發(fā)揮著連接上下文的作用，學(xué)會(huì)恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用過(guò)渡詞會(huì)使文章結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，啟、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合，過(guò)渡自然，融會(huì)貫通，連成一體。

　　1、根據(jù)意思和作用的不同，過(guò)渡詞可以分為以下十六類(lèi)：

　　(1)表并列關(guān)系的過(guò)渡詞：

　　and, also， as well, as well as， or, too, not only…but also, both … and, either … or, neither…nor等。

　　(2)表遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的過(guò)渡詞：

　　besides, in addition(加之，除……之外), moreover(此外，而且), what’s more， what’s worse等。

　　(3)表轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比的過(guò)渡詞：

　　but, however, yet, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, although, different from, despite, in spite of, whereas, unlike, nevertheless, not only…but also, here…there, years ago…today, this…that, the former…the latter, then…now, the first… whereas the second, once…now, on the one hand … on the other hand, some…others等。

　　(4)表原因的過(guò)渡詞：

　　because, because of, since, as, for, now that, thanks to, due to(由于), for this reason, owing to, as far as, considering that, seeing that等。

　　(5)表結(jié)果的過(guò)渡詞：

　　so, thus, therefore, as a result, so that, then, thereby, hence, so…that, such…that?, accordingly等。??

　　(6)表?xiàng)l件的過(guò)渡詞：

　　if, unless, on condition that, as/so long as等。

　　(7)表時(shí)間的過(guò)渡詞：

　　when, while, after, before, until, as soon as, later, afterwards, soon, lately, recently, since, from then on,? eventually, in the meantime, then, suddenly, at the same time, next, early this morning / year / century, after a while, in a few days, now, presently, finally, at last, all of a sudden, form now on, at present, immediately, the moment等。

　　(8)表特定的順序關(guān)系的過(guò)渡詞：

　　first, firstly, second, secondly, third, thirdly, above all, first of all, then, next, finally, in the end, at last, afterward(s)(后來(lái)), meanwhile(幾乎同時(shí)), thereafter(在那以后), last, finally, eventually(終于)等。

　　(9)表?yè)Q一種方式表達(dá)的過(guò)渡詞：

　　in other words, that is to say, to put it another way等。

　　(10)表進(jìn)行舉例說(shuō)明的過(guò)渡詞：

　　for instance, for example, take … as an example, namely, such as, like, in other words, that is to say, that is等。

　　(11)表陳述事實(shí)的過(guò)渡詞：

　　in fact, actually, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth等。

　　(12)表強(qiáng)調(diào)的過(guò)渡詞：

　　certainly, indeed, above all, surely, most important, in fact, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously, of course, actually, as a matter of fact, chiefly, especially, primarily, in particular, undoubtedly, absolutely等。

　　(13)表比較、對(duì)比的過(guò)渡詞：

　　like, unlike, in the same way, similarly, be similar to, rather than, on the contrary, by contrast, one one hand…, on the other hand, otherwise 等。

　　(14)表目的的過(guò)渡詞：

　　for this reason, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to等。

　　(15)表總結(jié)的過(guò)渡詞：

　　in a word(總之，簡(jiǎn)言之), in general, in short(總之), above all, after all, generally speaking, to sum up, finally, in conclusion, to conclude, at last, in summary, on the whole等。

　　(16)表增補(bǔ)的過(guò)渡詞：in addition, furthermore, again, also, besides, moreover, what’s more, similarly, next, finally 等。

　　2、文章段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系主要由過(guò)渡詞來(lái)完成，在修辭中稱(chēng)為啟、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合。“啟”就是開(kāi)頭, “承”是承接，“轉(zhuǎn)”是轉(zhuǎn)折，“合”是綜合或總結(jié)。

　　(1) “啟”。

　　用于表示“啟”的過(guò)渡詞或過(guò)渡性的語(yǔ)句通常用在段落或文章的開(kāi)頭：

　　過(guò)渡詞： first, first of all, at first, in the first place, firstly, to being with, to start with, recently, now, at present, in recent years, in general, generally speaking, at present, lately, currently,

　　過(guò)渡句：It is often said that…,

　　As the proverb says…,

　　It goes without saying that…,

　　It is clear/obvious that…,

　　Many people often ask …

　　(2) “承”。

　　表示“承”的過(guò)渡詞或過(guò)渡性的語(yǔ)句通常用在段落中的第一個(gè)擴(kuò)展句中：

　　過(guò)渡詞： second, similarly, in addition, besides, then, furthermore, moreover, what is more, what

　　is worse, for example, for instance, certainly, surely, obviously, in other words, especially, particularly, in particular, indeed, still, third, truly, in fact, at the same time, no doubt，

　　過(guò)渡句：It is true that…,

　　Everybody knows that…,

　　It can be easily proved that…,

　　No one can deny that…

　　The reason why …is that …,

　　There is no doubt that…,

　　To take…for an example (instance) …,

　　We know that…,

　　What is more serious is that…

　　(3)“轉(zhuǎn)”。

　　用于“轉(zhuǎn)”的過(guò)渡詞或過(guò)渡性的語(yǔ)句通常用在段落中的第二個(gè)擴(kuò)展句中：

　　過(guò)渡詞：but, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast, in any case, at any rate(無(wú)論如何), nevertheless(雖然如此), otherwise, or, or else, while, whereas, but, despite, inspite of ..., yet, instead,

　　過(guò)渡句：I do not believe that…,

　　Perhaps you’ll ask why…

　　This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to…,

　　Though we are in basic agreement with …, yet differences will be found,

　　That’s why i feel that…

　　(4) “合”。

　　用于“合”的過(guò)渡詞或過(guò)渡性的語(yǔ)句通常用在段落的結(jié)論句或文章的結(jié)論段中：

　　過(guò)渡詞： in a word, in general, in short, above all, after all, generally speaking，to sum up, finally, in conclusion, at last, in summary, therefore, as a result, above all, thus，after all(畢竟), eventually, hence, in short, in conclusion, in a word, in sum(總之), on the whole(就整體而言), to sum up

　　過(guò)渡句：From this point of view …

　　On account of this we can find that …

　　The result is dependent on …

　　Thus, this is the reason why we must…

　　長(zhǎng)短句結(jié)合

　　(1)句子既要生動(dòng)，又要簡(jiǎn)明扼要。

　　(2)在寫(xiě)作中應(yīng)避免使用相同長(zhǎng)度的相同句型，而應(yīng)注意句式的變化，如長(zhǎng)短句結(jié)合，簡(jiǎn)單句、復(fù)雜句和復(fù)合句并用，還可以使用簡(jiǎn)化句等，一些較復(fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu)如獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，分詞結(jié)構(gòu)等也可以使用。

　　(3)可以使用一些特殊句式，如強(qiáng)調(diào)句、感嘆句、倒裝句等，增強(qiáng)語(yǔ)句的表現(xiàn)力，以增加文章“亮點(diǎn)”。強(qiáng)烈建議：在文章第一段(開(kāi)頭)用一長(zhǎng)一短，且先長(zhǎng)后短;在文章主體部分，要先用一個(gè)短句解釋主要意思，然后在闡述幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)的時(shí)候采用先短后長(zhǎng)的句群形式，定會(huì)讓主體部分妙筆生輝!文章結(jié)尾一般用一長(zhǎng)一短就可以了。