用英語(yǔ)說(shuō)中國(guó)旅游華北地區(qū) 05：故宮自然概況1

自然概況

The Imperial Palace，also called The Forbidden City，in the heart of Beijing is the largest and most complete imperial palace and ancient building complex in China，and the world at large. Its construction began in completed l4 years later，having a history so far of some 600 years 1406 and Twenty-four emperors from the Ming and Cling(1644一1911) dynasties lived and ruled China from there. Most of the buildings in the Forbidden City were times，although they maintained the original architectural style 北京故宮也叫紫禁城，位于北京市中心是中國(guó)乃至世界上現(xiàn)存最大、最完整的古建筑群。紫禁城始建于1406年,14年后完工.，迄今已有600多年的歷史。紫禁城內(nèi)光后居住過(guò)明清兩個(gè)朝代統(tǒng)治中國(guó)的24位皇帝盡管紫禁城內(nèi)的大部分建筑都經(jīng)過(guò)多次重建，但其卻一直保持著初時(shí)的建筑風(fēng)格和樣式。 The Forbidden City，extending 753 meters from east to west,and 961 meters from north to south，makes a rectangular shape and covers a total area of 720 000 square meters. It consists of several dozen compounds of varying sizes and some 9900 bays of rooms，with a total floor area of 150 000 square meters. Most of the buildings were built with wood，roofed witty yellow glazed tiles and built on blue-and-white stone foundations，looking solemn and brilliant. City walls are 10 meters high，and a 52 meter-wide moat surrounds the Forbidden City. Three-storied towers are placed at each corner of the wall 紫禁城東西寬753米，南北長(zhǎng)961米，呈矩形狀，其面積約為725 000平力一米。紫禁城由幾十座大小不一的建筑物組成，其中約有宮室9 900多間，總建筑面積 150 000平方米.多數(shù)紫禁城宮殿都是木結(jié)構(gòu)、黃琉璃瓦頂，青白石底座建筑，看上去莊嚴(yán)肅穆，金碧輝煌。紫禁城墻高達(dá)10米，四周?chē)粭l寬52米的護(hù)城河。城墻的四角各有一座三層角樓。 The building arrangement within the Forbidden City is symmetrical. The Hall of Supreme Harmony，the Hall of Central Harmony and the Hall of Preserving Harmony,which comprise the outer palace，and the Hall of Heavenly Purity，the Hall of Union and the Hall of Earthly Tranquility,comprising the inner palace，stand in a line from south to north on the central axis The 8 km central axis runs through the entire old Beijing city to Yongdiangmen in the south and Zhonggulou in the north.The throne symobolizing imperial power is positioned at the center of this central axis.

紫禁城的建筑布局是對(duì)稱(chēng)的。太和、中和、保和三大殿為外初;乾清宮、交泰殿、坤寧宮為內(nèi)廷。外朝和內(nèi)廷坐落在由南向北的中軸線上。南至水定門(mén)，北至鐘鼓樓，總長(zhǎng)8公里的中軸線穿越整個(gè)古代北京城。象征皇權(quán)的王座就坐落在這條中軸線的中心位置上。

The buildings of the Forbidden City fully embody the artistic features and style of ancient Chinese palace architecture，and can be called a masterpiece in Chinese，even world，architectural history. Today, as the largest museum of cultural relics in China，the Forbidden City，also called the Palace Museum，collected and displayed some one million precious historical relics from the Shang Dynasty(16th century一771BC)through to the Cling Dynasty. It was made part of the world cultural heritage list in 1987.

?紫禁城內(nèi)的建筑充滿(mǎn)了藝術(shù)特色與中國(guó)古代建筑風(fēng)格，可以稱(chēng)為中國(guó)甚至世界建筑史上的杰作。如今，也稱(chēng)為故官博物院的紫禁城是中國(guó)最大的文化藏品博物院，收藏著從商朝(公元前16世紀(jì)~公元前771年)至清朝以來(lái)的幾百萬(wàn)件珍貴的文物。故官博物院于1987年被列入《世界文化遺產(chǎn)名錄》。

相關(guān)閱讀：

故宮珍寶首現(xiàn)加拿大

故宮博物館 The Place Museum

故宮建“流散文物追索”清單