英語(yǔ)四級(jí)證書(shū)可是含金量很高的哦!如果可以拿下的話,對(duì)以后的工作還是很有幫助的。今天聽(tīng)力課堂小編就來(lái)幫大家通過(guò)四級(jí)考試了,下面都是小編總結(jié)的知識(shí)點(diǎn):
英語(yǔ)詞類通常分為十大類:
1) 名詞(noun,縮寫(xiě)為n.)是人和事物的名稱,如pen(鋼筆),English(英語(yǔ)),life(生活)。
2) 代詞(pronoun,縮寫(xiě)為pron.)是用來(lái)代替名詞的詞,如we(我們),his(他的),all(全部)。
3) 形容詞(adjective,縮寫(xiě)為adj.)用來(lái)修飾名詞,如great(偉大的),honest(誠(chéng)實(shí)的),difficult(困難的)。
4) 數(shù)詞(numeral,縮寫(xiě)為num.)是表示"多少"和"第幾"的詞,如four(四),eighteen(十八),first(第一),eighth(十八),hundred(一百)。
5) 動(dòng)詞(verb,縮寫(xiě)為v)表示動(dòng)作和狀態(tài),如write(寫(xiě)),walk(行走),think(想)。
6) 副詞(adverb,縮寫(xiě)為。adv.)是修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞的詞,如quickly(快),often(經(jīng)常),very(很)。
7) 冠詞(article,縮寫(xiě)為art.)說(shuō)明名詞所指的人或物的詞,如a,an(一個(gè)),the(這,那)。
8) 介詞(preposition,縮寫(xiě)為prep.)表示名詞(或代詞)與句子里其它詞的關(guān)系,如from(從),in(在…內(nèi)),between(在…之間)。
9) 連詞(conjunction,縮寫(xiě)為conj.)是連接詞、短語(yǔ)、從句和句子的詞,如and(和),because(因?yàn)?,if(假如)。
10) 感嘆詞(interjection,縮寫(xiě)為int.)表示感情,如。oh(噢),aha(啊哈),hush(噓)。
[注一]屬于前六類(名、代、形、數(shù)、動(dòng)、副等詞)的詞都有實(shí)義,叫做實(shí)詞(notional word)。屬于后四類(冠、介、連、感等詞)的詞沒(méi)有實(shí)義,叫做虛詞(form word)。
[注二]不少詞可以屬于幾個(gè)詞類,如work(工作;動(dòng)詞和名詞),fast(快;形容詞和副詞),since(自從;連詞和介詞)等。
as…as結(jié)構(gòu)的幾點(diǎn)用法說(shuō)明:
1. 基本用法
該結(jié)構(gòu)的基本意思是“與……一樣”,其中接形容詞或副詞的原級(jí),在否定句中,第一個(gè)as也可換成so.如: He doesn't study as [so] hard as his brother. 他學(xué)習(xí)不如他弟弟努力。
2. 涉及數(shù)量或程度的用法 若涉及數(shù)量或程度,可用“as much+不可數(shù)名詞+as”和“asmany+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+as”。如: He doesn‘t pay as much tax as we do / as us. 他沒(méi)我們交的稅款多。 There are not as many restaurants as there were. 現(xiàn)在餐館沒(méi)有過(guò)去多了。
3. 有關(guān)詞序的一點(diǎn)說(shuō)明 其間接形容詞時(shí),有時(shí)該形容詞還可修飾另一名詞,但這個(gè)名詞應(yīng)帶有不定冠詞(注意詞序)。如: I have as good a voice as you. 我的聲音和你一樣好。
4. 該結(jié)構(gòu)的修飾語(yǔ) 根據(jù)情況可用(not) nearly, almost, just, nothing like, exactly, not quite, half, one-ten, twice, threetimes, 30 per cent等修飾,并且這些修飾語(yǔ)必須置于第一個(gè)as之前,而不能置于其后。如: This room is twice as large as that one. 這個(gè)房間是那個(gè)房間的兩個(gè)大。 You‘re not half as clever us you think you are. 你遠(yuǎn)不是自己想像的那么聰明。 It took three times as long as I had expected. 這件事比我預(yù)料的多花了兩倍的時(shí)間。
first與at first用法區(qū)別詳解:
1、從詞性上看區(qū)別 first可用作形容詞或副詞,有時(shí)還可用作代詞;而at first作為介詞短語(yǔ),只起副詞用作用(在句中用作狀語(yǔ))。如: First class is the most expensive way to travel. 坐頭等艙是最貴的旅行方式。(first為形容詞,在句中用作定語(yǔ)) This is the first time I have heard of such things. 這是我第一次聽(tīng)到這樣的事。(first為形容詞,在句中用作定語(yǔ)) You needn‘t read the whole book hut you must readthe first four chapters.你們不必把整本書(shū)全讀完,但必須讀完前四章。(first為形容詞,在句中用作定語(yǔ)) I asked them to ring first in case we were out. 我請(qǐng)他們先打電話來(lái),以防我們不在家。(first為副詞,在句中用作狀語(yǔ)) She‘s always the first to arrive and the last to leave. 她總是第一個(gè)來(lái),最后一個(gè)離開(kāi)。(first為代詞,可視為其后省略了one, person等之類的詞) His second suggestion was not much better than his first. 他的第二個(gè)建議比第一個(gè)好不了多少。(first為代詞,可視為其后省略了suggestion) At first we used hand tools. Later we had machines. 開(kāi)始我們用手工工具,后來(lái)我們有了機(jī)器。(at first在此用作狀語(yǔ))
2、從用法上看區(qū)別
1) .first的用法 first 用來(lái)說(shuō)明順序,意為“先……”,暗示接下去還有其他動(dòng)作或事件要發(fā)生,因此其后往往接有(或暗示有)then,next,last 等詞。如: Think first, then act. 先想清楚再行動(dòng)。 I‘ll have to finish my homework first. 我得先把作業(yè)做完。 First(you)boil some water. Then(you)warm the teapot. Then(you)add three teaspoons oftea. Next,(you)pour on boiling water… 你先燒些開(kāi)水,然后把茶壺燙熱,接著放三勺茶葉,隨后沖入開(kāi)水…… John came home from work. First he read the paper for a while, then he got up from the chairand turned on the radio. 約翰下班回家,先看一會(huì)兒報(bào),然后從椅子上站起來(lái),打開(kāi)收音機(jī)。
2) . at first 的用法 at first 的意思是“起初”“開(kāi)始”,它主要用于強(qiáng)調(diào)前后對(duì)照,暗示接下去的動(dòng)作與前面的動(dòng)作不同甚至相反,因此常有 but,afterwards,soon,at last等相呼應(yīng)。如: At first I didn‘t want to go, but I soon changed my mind. 我開(kāi)始不想去,但我很快就改變了主意。 The work was hard at first, but I got used to it. 起初這活兒很累,不過(guò)后來(lái)我習(xí)慣了。 At first they were very happy, but then things started going wrong. 起初他們生活得很幸福,但后來(lái)就開(kāi)始出問(wèn)題了。 At first I paid little attention, but slowly my interest awoke. 起初我沒(méi)怎么注意,但逐漸產(chǎn)生了興趣。
3、其他幾點(diǎn)區(qū)別
1) . at first 除以上用法外,其他場(chǎng)合一般不用它;而first除表示“先……(然后……)”外,還可表示“最先”“第一次”“首先”等。如: Ladies first. 女士?jī)?yōu)先。 That‘s mine—I saw it first. 那是我的,是我先看見(jiàn)的。 When did you first meet him? 你第一次見(jiàn)他是什么時(shí)候?
2) . 有時(shí)at first并非固定搭配(first后還修飾有其他詞語(yǔ))。如: She was so nice a girl that he fell in love with her at first sight. 她是這樣好的一個(gè)姑娘,使他一見(jiàn)鐘情。 She could tell at first glance to which class a man belonged. 她一眼就能看出一個(gè)人屬于哪個(gè)階級(jí)。
3) . at first與at last不是一對(duì)反義詞組,后者的意思是“終于”“最終”。如: At last the truth became known. 最后真相大白了。 She has at last got everything ready. 她最后把一切準(zhǔn)備好了。 At last the bus came. I had been waiting for half an hour. 最后公共汽車來(lái)了,我已等了半小時(shí)。
angry的介詞搭配特點(diǎn):
1. 表示“對(duì)某人生氣”,一般用介詞 with(有時(shí)也用 at) The teacher got angry with [at] me. 老師對(duì)我生氣了。 有的詞書(shū)認(rèn)為:用with表示心中感到生氣,而用at則表示怒氣流露于外表,但總的說(shuō)來(lái)此時(shí)還是用with的場(chǎng)合較多。
2. 表示“對(duì)某事生氣”,一般用介詞 at(about) He was rather angry at what you said. 他對(duì)你說(shuō)的話相當(dāng)生氣。 I was angry about missing the film. 沒(méi)看上那部電影我很氣惱。 He was angry at being kept waiting. 他因久等而生氣。 有的詞書(shū)認(rèn)為:at 之后接某人之言行,about 之后接某事,但這種區(qū)別并不十分嚴(yán)格,兩者常可換用。
3. 表示生氣的原因,一般用介詞for He was angry with me for not having done anything. 因?yàn)槲沂裁匆矝](méi)做,他對(duì)我很生氣。 注:be angry 之后除搭配介詞外,還可接不定式或從句: He‘ll be angry to find that nothing has been done. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)什么都沒(méi)做,他會(huì)生氣的。 He was angry that the door was locked. 門鎖上了,他很生氣。
形容詞able的用法說(shuō)明:
1. 表示“有能力的”、“能干的”,可用作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。如: He is an able manager. 他是位有能力的經(jīng)理。 He is old but still able. 他雖年老,但仍有很能干。
2. 用于 be able to do sth(能或會(huì)做做某事)。如: He is able to speak English. 他會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。 Everyone here is able to type. 這兒的每一個(gè)人都會(huì)打字。 He will be able to get about in a week or two. 再過(guò)一兩個(gè)星期左右他就能走動(dòng)了。 He studied hard and was able to pass his examinations. 他學(xué)習(xí)很努力,所以考試及了格。
注:be able to 不僅有多種時(shí)態(tài)形式(通常不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)或與 be going to 連用),而且還可以與某些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用(通常不與 can 連用),甚至還可以有非謂語(yǔ)形式。如: Since his accident he hasn't been able to leave the house. 自出事之后,他一直未能離開(kāi)家。 You might be able to persuade him. 你也許能夠說(shuō)服他。 I hope to be able to do the work. 我希望能干得了這項(xiàng)工作。 I regret not being able to help her. 我很遺憾未能幫助她。
3. able 的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)通常是abler和ablest,也可以是more able和most able,有時(shí)還可用 betterable和best able.如: You are better able to do it than I (am). 你比我更有能力做這件事。 She's the person best able to cope. 她是個(gè)最能妥善處理問(wèn)題的人。
4. 若要加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣,其前除可very,quite,perfectly等修飾外,有時(shí)還可用well修飾。如: He is quite [well] able to take care of himself. 他完全有能力照顧自己。 He's a very able student; he's just too lazy. 他是個(gè)很有能力的學(xué)生,只是太懶了。 若受just,only just修飾,則表示“只能”“僅能”。如: I was just able to make out a dark figure in the distance. 我只能看見(jiàn)遠(yuǎn)處有個(gè)黑影。
5. able的反義詞是unable(不能的,不會(huì)的),不是disable,后者是動(dòng)詞,其意為“使殘廢”“使無(wú)能力”。比較: They were unable to reach a decision. 他們沒(méi)法做出決定。
Now that he was disabled, his house had become a prison to him. 因?yàn)樗麣垙U了,他的房子就成了他的牢籠。
記住了以上這些知識(shí)點(diǎn),四級(jí)考試就成功了一半了,小編在此祝大家都可以順利通過(guò)四級(jí)考試,都找到自己心儀并且合適的工作哦!
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