分詞時(shí)態(tài)
1)與主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)
Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 聽(tīng)到這一消息,他高興得手舞足蹈。
Arriving there, they found the boy dead. 剛一到那兒,他們就發(fā)現(xiàn)那男孩死了。
典型例題
The secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing
答案B. 此處沒(méi)有連詞,不能選D,否則出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞worked和was preparing。 只能在B,C中選一個(gè)。又因前后兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,且與主語(yǔ)為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。
2)先于主動(dòng)詞
While walking in the garden,he hurt his leg. 在花園里散步時(shí)他傷了腿。
分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),如果先與主動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作,且強(qiáng)調(diào)先后, 要用having done。
Having finished his homework, he went out.
=As he had finished his homework, he went out.
做完作業(yè)后,他出去了。
典型例題
___ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received
答案C. 本題考查分詞的時(shí)態(tài)與分詞的否定式。根據(jù)題意判斷,分詞的動(dòng)作(接信)發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作(決心再寫(xiě)信)之前,因此用分詞的完成式。分詞的否定式的構(gòu)成為not +分詞,故選C。該句可理解為:Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.
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