大學(xué)英語四級(jí)改錯(cuò)題常考要點(diǎn)--非謂語動(dòng)詞

非謂語動(dòng)詞

(一) 分詞

現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別

①、用于句首作狀語，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，過去分詞表示被動(dòng)

例：Won its war for independence in 1783, the United States then struggled to establish its own economic and financial system.

分析：分詞作狀語，主要看是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)，美國(guó)贏得應(yīng)該是主動(dòng),所以改won為winning

②、用于名詞后面作后置定語，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，過去分詞表示被動(dòng)

例：In the nineteenth century the Mohave Indians lived in  the Northern Hemisphere grew their crops on river bottom lands.

分析：生活在什么地方的人，人生活是主動(dòng)，因此改為living

一些動(dòng)詞后面必須用doing

對(duì)于加doing的詞來說，考試中一般出現(xiàn)一個(gè)，下面這些詞都是要加doing的，請(qǐng)考生牢記。

mind, finish, enjoy, celebrate, adjust ,advocate, suggest,delay, quit,forgive(原諒)，tolerate，avoid, escape(逃避),spend+名詞+doing;

have trouble/difficult/a problem/ +doing

例：Long before the dawn of recorded history, humans celebrated to harvest their crops.

分析： harvest應(yīng)改為harvesting。及物動(dòng)詞celebrate直接帶名詞、名詞短語或動(dòng)名詞短語作賓語，故將to harvest改為harvesting。

例：Some experts have advocated to bring that country into the talks, to revive the intermittent dialogue that began after the 1967 Middle East War.

分析：advocate 后面直接跟doing, 改為advocate bringing


(二) 不定式

A. 動(dòng)詞不定式的省略

①、help后面可以省略to

help to do

help sb. to do

例：A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid the habits that might shorten the lives.

分析：the應(yīng)改為their. 定冠詞在句中不如代詞所有格明確，如果lives后面有定語就可以用the。

②、使役動(dòng)詞后面要省略to, 這樣的動(dòng)詞只有三個(gè)

make, let,have sb. do sth

注意get不是使役動(dòng)詞，get sb. to do sth.

例：A conductor used signals and gestures to let the musicians to know when to play various parts of a composition.

分析：let是使役動(dòng)詞，后面不需要to, to know改為know

③、感官動(dòng)詞
hear, feel, watch, see, notice, observe ,see sb do sth.　強(qiáng)調(diào)過程
see sb doing sth 正在做某事

B. 動(dòng)詞不定式的固定用法

(1)表示第一人

the first woman to do sth.

(2)表示迫使的動(dòng)詞

一般考三個(gè)， allow/ enable/ call, +sb. + to do

例：Besides providing clues to the nature of atoms, mineral analysis allows to speculate geologists about the ancient Earth

分析：allow...to do是固定短語,allow的賓語應(yīng)在不定式之前,即把改為: allow geologists to speculate。

(3)表示傾向…的形容詞

be more likely to do 更有可能作某事

   be inclined to do傾向于做某事

be liable to do 易于…的

be apt to do

(4)表示目的的名詞，一共有7個(gè)這樣的詞，這一條也是最重要的。

固定的句式：

the purpose , the purpose of sth is to do sth.

the objective 目標(biāo)

aim

goal

reason理由

function功能

intension意圖

例：The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was providing large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.

分析：the function to provide,

例：The chief goal of biochemistry is for understanding the structure and behavior of the carbon-containing compounds that make up various components of a living cell.

分析：the chief goal is to understand

(5) 其他同根名詞

ability to do　受到be able to 的影響

attempt to do 企圖

decision to do 決定, 受decide的影響

ambition,

be ambitious to do　

effort

例：For ancient people, myths were often attempts explanation