雅思聽力選擇題老出錯(cuò)？罪魁禍?zhǔn)谆蛟S是它

　　在雅思聽力考試中，無論是填空題還是選擇題，同義替換對(duì)考生正確理解原文和答題都有很大影響。而很多考生對(duì)提功力考試中的同義替換理解不清，造成解題時(shí)思路不明，本文將從詞的同義替換和句的同義替換2個(gè)層面以選擇題為實(shí)例分析雅思聽力同義替換的真面目。

　　在雅思聽力考試中，同義替換的出現(xiàn)形式有多種，我們主要介紹兩種：

　?、賳卧~或詞組的同義替換;

　?、诰涫降耐x替換。

　　雅思聽力同義替換之單詞或詞組

　　單詞或詞組的同義替換主要是指某個(gè)單詞或者詞組在錄音中以一種形式出現(xiàn)，在題目的題干或選項(xiàng)中卻以相同意義的另一種形式出現(xiàn)。單詞的同義替換主要包括同一詞根衍生出的不同詞性詞語間的替換和異形同義詞間的替換。詞組的同義替換一般包括兩種：一種是同義詞組與單詞之間的替換，另一種是同義詞組之間的替換。下面我們通過具體真題來分析。

　　In the seminar the work on writing aims to improve

　　A. confidence.

　　B. speed.

　　C. clarity.

　　錄音：

　　Student: Mm, that sounds good. What are some of the strategies that are presented? Officer: Well, we try to cover all aspects of study.Some of the strategies in writing, for example, wouldbe improving your planning for writing, organising your thinking and building some techniques to help you write more clearly „

　　解析：

　　本題的正確答案是選項(xiàng)C。正確答案在選項(xiàng)中以clear的名詞形式(clarity)出現(xiàn)，而在錄音中卻以副詞的形式(clearly)出現(xiàn)。有的考生即使在錄音中聽出了clearly，但因?yàn)椴皇煜larity的意思，不知道其是clearly的同義替換，所以最后選錯(cuò)了答案。

　　Dr Merrywhether thinks Antarctica was part of another continent because (選自《劍7》Test 2 Listening Section 3)

　　A. he has done his own research in the area.

　　B. there is geological evidence of this.

　　C. it is very close to South America.

　　錄音：

　　Interviewer: How old is Antarctica?

　　Doctor: We’re pretty sure it was part of a larger land mass but it broke away from the rest of the

　　continent 170 million years ago.

　　Interviewer: How can you be certain of this?

　　Doctor: „ because fossils and rocks have been discovered in Antarctica which are the same as those found in places such as Africa and Australia.

　　解析：

　　本題的正確答案是選項(xiàng)B，解題關(guān)鍵是考生能聽出錄音中的fossils and rocks和

　　選項(xiàng)B中的geological evidence屬于同義替換。從語義上來說，這屬于歸納總結(jié)性的詞組同義替換，即錄音中為舉例，題目中出現(xiàn)的詞匯為總結(jié)概括。很多考生在做這道題時(shí)都出現(xiàn)了錯(cuò)誤，主要原因是把錄音中的Africa and Australia聽成了America，錯(cuò)選了選項(xiàng)C，或者即使聽到了fossils and rocks，但沒有將其理解為geological evidence的同義替換，結(jié)果選錯(cuò)了答案。

　　雅思聽力考試的考查目的之一是培養(yǎng)考生多樣化的語言表達(dá)能力，所以正確選項(xiàng)中往往不會(huì)出現(xiàn)原詞重現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象。所以，考生要知道“聽到什么要慎選什么”的道理，不能在錄音中聽到什么就選什么。同時(shí)，考生還要明白雅思聽力考試題目的題干和選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的往往是學(xué)術(shù)詞匯，而考生聽到的錄音則是口語化表達(dá)，所以結(jié)果就是復(fù)雜的題目詞匯對(duì)應(yīng)錄音中簡(jiǎn)單的口語表達(dá)，比如本題中g(shù)eological evidence是典型的學(xué)術(shù)用語，而與之對(duì)應(yīng)的fossil和rock是相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單的口語表達(dá)?？忌私饬诉@一點(diǎn)，就需要在平時(shí)練習(xí)中多注意對(duì)學(xué)術(shù)詞匯的認(rèn)知性記憶，多訓(xùn)練對(duì)口語化詞匯的反應(yīng)敏感度。

　　雅思聽力同義替換之句式

　　在雅思聽力考試中，除了單詞或詞組的同義替換外，還會(huì)出現(xiàn)句式上的同義替換。當(dāng)發(fā)生句式的同義替換時(shí)，句子形式變動(dòng)較大，考生把握起來會(huì)有些難度。

　　23. The purpose of the Visitor’s Centre is to (選自《劍7》Test 2 Listening Section 3)

　　A. provide accommodation.

　　B. run training session.

　　C. show people what Antarctica is like.

　　錄音：

　　Interviewer: Really? And what does the Visitor’s Centre offer?

　　Doctor: Well „ the Visitor’s Centre aims to recreate the atmosphere of Antarctica. There’s a mock camp

　　site where you can see inside an Antarctic tent and imagine yourself sleeping there „

　　解析：

　　不少考生聽完這道題的錄音后， 選出的答案是選項(xiàng)A 。原因是在錄音中聽到了選項(xiàng)A 中accommodation的同義詞sleeping there。這些考生沒有注意到錄音中sleeping there前還有一個(gè)動(dòng)詞imagine。原文的意思是說想象你睡在里面，并非真的是讓你睡進(jìn)去。在這道題中，同義替換的出現(xiàn)也成了干擾選項(xiàng)。本題的正確答案是選項(xiàng)C?？忌诖痤}時(shí)需注意題干中的關(guān)鍵詞purpose，在這個(gè)詞的提示下，考生在聽錄音時(shí)要重點(diǎn)聽對(duì)話中表目的的內(nèi)容。錄音中是“the Visitor’s Centre aims to recreate the atmosphere of Antarctic”來表示訪問中心的功能，這句話不但與“題干+正確選項(xiàng)”的用詞不同，連句式表達(dá)也變了樣：“„ aims to do sth.”變成了“The purpose of „ is to do sth.”。

　　這樣的同義替換理解起來有一定難度。這就需要考生在做題時(shí)多注意錄音和題目各選項(xiàng)之間在句式方面的變化。

　　另附雅思聽力高頻替換詞

　　1、解決：Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle

　　2、損害：Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize

　　3、給與：Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford

　　4、培養(yǎng)：Develop, cultivate, foster

　　5、優(yōu)勢(shì)：Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength

　　6、缺陷：Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness

　　7、使迷惑：Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle

　　8、重要的：Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative

　　9、認(rèn)為：Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced

　　10、保護(hù)：Protect, conserve, preserve

　　11、確保：Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge

　　12、有害的：Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental

　　13、要求：Request, demand, needs, requisition

　　14、消除：Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away

　　15、導(dǎo)致：Lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conduce to, procure, induce, generate

　　16、因此：So, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, as a result, because of this, as a result of this

　　17、增長至：Grow to, rise to, increase to, go up to, climb to, ascend to, jump to, shoot to

　　18、降低至：Dip to, fall to, decline to, decrease to, drop to, go down to, reduce to, slump to, descend to, sink to, slide to

　　19、保持穩(wěn)定：Level out, do not change, remain stable, remain still, remain steady, be stable, maintain the same level, remain unchanged, be still, remain the same level, stay constant, keep at the same level, level off, stabilize, keep its stability, even out

　　20、急劇地：Dramatically, drastically, sharply, hugely, enormously, steeply, substantially, considerably, significantly, markedly, surprisingly, strikingly, radically, remarkably, vastly, noticeably