雅思閱讀高分備考方案：五大常用句子結構剖析

　　雅思閱讀中五大句子結構的講解主要從句型特點、例句講解兩個方面給大家分享了如何從雅思閱讀中的長難句中提取出五種基本句型結構，也就是主干信息的方法，希望對大家雅思考試閱讀練習有幫助。

　　一、主語+謂語(S+V)：

　　這類句子有一個共同特點，即句子的謂語都能表達完整的意思。謂語動詞是不及物動詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。

　　例如：An accident that occurred in the skies over the Grand Canyon in 1956 resulted in the establishment of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to regulate and oversee the operation of aircraft in the skies over the United States, which were becoming quite congested. (劍8 Test 1Passage 2 )

　　句子結構分析：這句話的主干是An accident resulted in the establishment of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)。主謂結構式An accident resulted，后面跟得是介詞短語。That引導定語從句修飾An accident，to regulate and oversee…表示目的，which引導非限制性定語從句修飾the operation of aircraft。

　　二、主語+謂語+賓語(S+V+DO)：

　　這類句子的謂語都是實意動詞，也都是及物動詞，表示主語發(fā)生的動作，但是后面必須跟一個賓語，也就是動作的承受者，才能表達完整的意思。

　　例如：They based their calendars on three natural cycles: the solar day, marked by the successive periods of light and darkness as the earth rotates on its axis; the lunar month, following the phases of the moon as it orbits the earth; and the solar year, defined by the changing seasons that accompany our planet's revolution around the sun.

　　(劍8 Test 1Passage 1 )

　　句子結構分析：這句話的主語是They，謂語是based，賓語是their calendars，后面是on引導的介詞短語。冒號后面的三個并列結構：the solar day, the lunar month and the solar year，是對three natural cycles的解釋說明。 that引導定語從句修飾changing seasons changing seasons。

　　三、主語+系動詞+表語(S+V+P)：

　　這類句型的謂語部分是連系動詞，必須加上一個表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語才能表達完整的意思。常見的系動詞有兩類：一類表情況——be，look，smell，taste，sound等;一類表變化——get，grow，become，turn，go等。

　　例如： The revolutionary aspect of this new timekeeper was neither the descending weight that provided its motive force nor the gear wheels (which had been around for at least 1,300 years) that transferred the power; it was the part called the escapement. (劍8 Test 1Passage 1 )

　　句子結構分析：這句話的主干是主系表結構，不過有兩個并列的表語。主語是The revolutionary aspect，系動詞是was，表語是neither the descending weight nor the gear wheels。第一個that引導定語從句修飾weight，括號里的句子做插入語，是對gear wheels的補充說明，that引導定語從句修飾gear wheels，分號后面是一個簡單的句子。

　　四、主語+謂語+間賓+直賓(S+V+IO+DO)：

　　這類動詞后面必須跟兩個賓語，才能表達完整的意思。一個是動作的直接承受者，為直接賓語，另一個是動作的間接承受者，為間接賓語。

　　例如： We may, at best, give them some precision by defining them and placing them in a context but, whatever we do, we should never delude ourselves into believing that gifted children or geniuses are different from the rest of humanity, save in the degree to which they have developed the performance of their abilities. (劍8 Test 3 Passage 2)

　　句子結構分析：這句話的主語是We，謂語動詞是may give，直接賓語是some precision， 間接賓語是them。 at best、whatever we do做插入語， 這句話的主干是We may give them some precision…but we should never delude ourselves into believing that…save in the degree to which…。That引導賓語從句，save做連詞，表示除了，which引導賓語從句。

　　五、主語+謂語+賓語+賓補(S+V+DO+OC)：

　　這類句型的謂語都是及物動詞，但是只有賓語不能表達完整的意思，必須加上一個賓語補足語來補充說明整句話的意思。

　　例如：Reports of telepathic experiences had by people during meditation led parapsychologists to suspect that telepathy might involve 'signals' passing between people that were so faint that they were usually swamped by normal brain activity. (劍8 Test 1 Passage3 )

　　句子結構分析：這句話的主語是Reports，謂語是had led，賓語是parapsychologists，賓補是to suspect。by people during meditation表示在某種實驗環(huán)境下，修飾experiences。第一個that引導賓語從句，第二個that引導定語從句修飾'signals'，第三個so faint that…如此以至于表示結果狀語從句。